THE CODLING MOTH. 4! 



After remaining in the fruit for from twenty to thirty days, 

 the larva becomes full-fed and now measures nearly three- 

 quarters of an inch in length, having a brownish head and pinkish 

 body. The pips and pulp around the core having already been 

 eaten, it commences to tunnel its way, usually towards the 

 opposite or stalk end, to the surface. For a time the entrance 

 is closed by a plug of excremental matter, etc., but when ready 

 to leave the fruit this is pushed away. If the fruit has fallen oft 

 the tree the larva proceeds to find a suitable place for its cocoon. 

 Many make their way to the trunk of the tree and creep into 

 crevices or beneath loose bark. Cracks in fences, under loose 

 boards or in old stumps are also likely places. When the larvae are 

 barreled with the fruit they spin their cocoons in the crevices and 

 angles of the barrels, and are so distributed. 



In the cocoon the larva remains until the following spring, 

 when it changes into a brown pupa, which latter hatches out in 

 May. 



Normally there is only a single brood in a season in this 

 country, but two and even three are known in other countries. 



PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL MEASURES. 



Judging from the extensive experiments which have been 

 made, it seems, very doubtful if this pest can be successfully 

 attacked in the egg stage. 



Spraying with Paris green seems to be the most effective 

 remedy known. In 1885 and 1886 Forbes and Goff showed that 

 by such a remedy 70 per cent, of the loss commonly suffered could 

 be prevented. Wickson's Calif ornian experiments in 1887 gave 

 similar results. As Professor Slingerland very pertinently 

 states (\) " Not only has the practicability and effectiveness of the 

 poison spray been demonstrated ... by the most carefully- 

 conducted experiments at nearly every experiment station in the 

 United States, but the thousands of practical fruit-growers who 

 have thoroughly tried it are unanimous in their testimony that 

 irom 50 to even 90 per cent, in some cases, of the fruit that would 

 otherwise be ruined by the insect can be saved at a comparatively 

 slight expense." 



Paris green (Blundeirs) should be used at the rate of one 

 potmd to every 160 to 200 gallons of water, and two pounds of 

 freshly slaked lime. 



The trees should be sprayed as soon as the blossoms com- 

 mence to fall, or within a week from that date, for this reason, 

 if a developing apple be examined just after the blossom has 

 fallen, the calyx lobes will be found wide open, forming a cavity, 

 a week later it will be found that the calyx lobes have commenced 

 to close and that it is too late to spray. If the tree is sprayed 

 while the calyx k cavity is open, the poison lodges therein and 



i. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Staticn, Entomol. Div., Bull. 142, 1898, p. 51. 



