METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 



301 



FIGURES TO DEXOTE THE FORCE OF THE WIND. 



denotes Calm. 



1 Light air 



2 Light breeze..... 



3 Gentle breeze... 



4 Moderate breeze 



5 Fresh breeze..... 



6 Strong breeze ... 



7 Moderate gale... 



8 Fresh gale 



9 Strong gale j 



10 Whole gale 



11 Storm 



12 Hurricane .. 



rtth which a wefl 

 of-war, under aQ 

 full, would go in smooth 



Mentioned mm- j 1 to 2 

 sail, and dean I . , 

 smooth water. 1 d to * 



to give Steerage way. 



knots. 



knots. 



i.5 to 6 knots. 

 Royals, &c. 



Single reefs and topgallant sails. 

 Double-reefs, jib, &c. 

 Triple-reefs, courses, &c. 

 Close-reefs, and courses. 

 Close-reefed maintopsail and reefed foresaiL 

 Storm staysails. 

 No canvas. 



in which the same thip eoold jot 

 carry ctae hankd. 



witt whw> she eonid only bear ...... 



with which the would be reduced to 



to which ate moid afaow ............... 



Exception has been taken by seamen to the numbers denoting the force of the wind in this scale, as represented by 

 modem types of ships. They were, however, found to be well adapted to H. XL S. Challenger. 



LETTERS TO DEXOTE THE STATE OF THE WEATHER. 



b denotes Blue sky, whether with clear or hazy atmosphere. 

 Cloudy i.e., Detached opening clouds. 

 Drizzling rain. 

 Fog f Thick fog. 

 Gloomy dark weather. 

 HaLL 



Lightning. 



Misty or hazy so as to interrupt the view. 

 Overcast i.e., The whole sky covered with one impervious cloud. 

 Passing showers. 

 Squally. 



Rain i.e., Continuous rain. 

 Snow. 

 Thunder. 



Ugly threatening appearance of the weather. 

 Visibility of distant objects whether the sky be cloudy or not. 

 Wet dew. 

 Under any letter denotes an extraordinary degree. 



By the combination of these letters all the ordinary phenomena of the weather may be recorded with 



certainty and brevity. 



EXAMPLES. 



b c m Blue sky, with detached opening clouds, but hazy round the horizon. 



g v Gloomy dark weather, but distant objects remarkably visible. 



q p d 1 1 Very hard squalls, and showers of drizzle, accompanied by lightning, with tery heavy thunder. 



