AVES SPHENISCID^E. 93 



Color (adult). General color of upper parts greyish slate; lower parts 

 white. 



Head : Brownish black, with a conspicuous broad white band curving 

 backward across the crown from the region between the eyes. In many 

 individuals there are numbers of scattered white plumes about the head. 



Neck : Brownish black like the head and characterized in most individ- 

 uals by similar scattered white plumes. 



Back : Slate grey, each feather having a dark base and a bluish-grey tip. 



Tail of 1 6 feathers in adults, colored like the back. 



Wings (Flippers): Greyish brown externally, edged on both sides with 

 white. 



Inner surface white with a dusky or black patch at the extremity. 



Under parts : Chest, breast and rest of under parts pure white. 



Worn adult birds present a mottled brown and black appearance due 

 to the blue grey ends of the feathers being abraded or worn off. 



"Iris rich brown, pupil lozenge-shaped when contracted; lower man- 

 dible and lower margin of upper mandible brilliant orange, upper portion 

 and tip of upper mandible black ; tarsus and feet orange colored, claws 

 black." (Kidder.) 



Immature birds differ from the adults in having noticeably smaller bills 

 and in having the chin and throat white mottled with dusky or greyish 

 black. 



In young birds there are eighteen tail feathers the outer one on each side 

 being white and being moulted and not replaced when the adult plumage 

 is assumed. 



Geographical Range. Falkland Islands, South Georgia, Marion Island, 

 Kerguelen Islands, Heard Island, Macquarie Islands, Paulet Island and 

 Dundee Island. 



The Princeton Expeditions did not explore the Falkland Islands and 

 the Gentoo Penguin is not included in the species in the collections 

 made. The descriptions are based on material in British Museum of 

 Natural History. 



Of the breeding of Pygoscelis papua as observed by him at Kerguelen 

 Island Dr. Kidder writes: "Had already begun to lay September loth, 



