MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 909 



not united, usually stipitate. Seeds endospermous. Tall marsh-plants, 

 with linear leaves, and monoecious flowers in terminal, acrandrous spikes. 



Family 5. Typhacece, Cat-tail, p. 146. 

 2. (Arales.) Perianth none, or scales. Flowers monoecious on a spadix, mostly 



enclosed by a spathc. 



/. Land-plants with sympodial stems, or basal leaves ; these mostly large and 

 reticulate. Fruit a berry. Family 1 2. Aracece, p. 289. 



/2. Minute, stemless, floating plants, in fresh water. Stamen I. 



Family 13. Lemnacea, Duckweed, p. 290. 

 e$. (Helobiales p. p.). Aquatic or marsh plants, with sepaloid or reduced perianth, 



and seeds with no endosperm. 



f. Perianth of 4 leaflets, or none, or a cup. Plants submerged or floating. 



Family 6. Potamogetonacea, Pondweed, p. 147. 



/2. Perianth 2-seriate, hypogynous. Carpels partially united. Flowers in an 

 erect raceme or spike. Leaves radical, rush-like. 



Family 7. Juncaginacece, p. 1 50. 

 d2. Perianth 2-seriate, the inner petaloid. ^Helobiales p. p.) Aquatic plants. 



Seeds with no endosperm. 



e. Perianth 3 + 3 ; petals white, showy. Flowers panicled or racemed, hypo- 

 gynous, the carpels not united. Leaves long-petioled. 



Family 8. Alismacea, Water-plantain, p. 152. 



t2. Flowers dioecious and syncarpous ; the females solitary on long, coiling scapes. 

 Leaves long, grass-like, floating in quiet waters. 



Family 9. Vallisneriacea, Tape-grass, p. 153. 

 d^. (Glumales.) Flowers mostly without perianth, but with dry glumes, hypogynous, 



monocarpellary, i -seeded. Seeds with large endosperm. 



e. Usually hermaphrodite. Stems terete, normally hollow and jointed. Leaves 

 narrow, 2-ranked, with split sheaths. Flowers in spikelets, the pericarp ad- 

 hering to the seed. Embryo at base of, and external to the endosperm. 



Family 10. Graminea, Grasses, p. 154. 



e2. Mostly monoecious. Stem normally trigonal, solid, with narrow, 3-ranked 



leaves, having closed sheaths. Pericarp not adhering to the seed. Embryo 



enclosed in the endosperm. Family 1 1. Cyperacece, Sedges, p. 256. 



CC. (Eucyclicce.') Families with normally 5 -cyclic flowers ; the whorls generally isomer- 



ous, mostly trimerous, rarely pluri- or di-merous. Sometimes with tepals instead 



of differentiated sepals and petals. Rarely tetra-cyclic, there being only one 



staminal whorl. 



d. (Farinales.) Flowers 3 2-merous, with formula 13 13, st3 st3, syncarpels 3. The 

 stamens may be i -seriate, or only i. Seeds orthotropous or curved. Endo- 

 sperm mealy. 



e. Mostly dioecious, with glume-like perianth. Herbage and spikelets of Cypera- 

 cea, but leaf-sheaths split. Family 14. Restionacece, p. 292. 



2. Hermaphrodite ; with spikelets having 1-3 glumes. Stamens 1-2, with I 

 anther. Ovary 13 -celled; cells i -seeded. 



Family 15. Centrolepidacece, p. 292. 



