THE MICROSCOPE IN PATHOLOGY. 277 



fication will sometimes produce stony masses, which are 

 occasionally laminated. Most often softening or liquefac- 

 tion occurs simultaneously with cheesy metamorphosis, 

 leading on mucous surfaces to tuberculous ulcers, and in 

 the parenchyma of organs to tuberculous cavities or ab- 

 scesses. 



e. Neuroglia or Nerve-cement Type. 



1. Glioma is an increase of the elements of the finely 

 granular and reticular tissue or connective substance of 

 nerve. The nervous elements do not participate in it. 

 Glioma formerly went under the name of sarcoma, being 

 considered a variety of round-celled sarcoma, but the lo- 

 cality and origin of these tumors entitle them to separate 

 consideration. They are generally cerebral, and produce 

 symptoms of pressure or irritation. In the retina they 

 may begin as a white nodule, which grows until it may 

 project from the orbit as a large fungous tumor. Accord- 

 ing to the relative proportion of cells, intermediate sub- 

 stance, and vessels, they are divided into soft, hard, and 

 teleangiectatic gliomas. Gliomas are of very slow growth, 

 and may become metamorphosed by haemorrhages, fatty 

 degeneration, and cystoid softening. Healing may be 

 possible through fatty metamorphosis. 



/. Type of Fatty Tissue. 



1. Lipoma. A general formation of new adipose tissue, 

 hereditary or acquired, is termed obesity. A local and cir- 

 cumscribed formation is a lipoma or fatty tumor. The 

 connective tissue unites the fat-cells in masses and lobules, 

 and forms a distinct capsule. Lipomata are sometimes 

 pedunculated. Their growth is slow, and although they 

 may attain considerable size they are perfectly benign 

 tumors. 



Xanthoma, or xanthelasma, are small yellowish fatty 

 tumors of the skin, generally of the face or eyelids. They 



