Stands. 



The general form of stand of "continental" design, which originated in the 

 type first introduced by G. OBERHAUSER and was subsequently developed by 

 E. HARTNACK, has undergone many important alterations within the course of 

 the second half of the past century. 



The introduction of the ABBE illuminating apparatus, various new 

 features in the construction of the stage, and considerable improvement of the 

 means of focussing mark the material progress which is particularly noteworthy 

 in the case of monocular stands. 



These fundamental changes in the construction of the older universal type 

 of stand have demonstrated to us the necessity of also modifying our binocular 

 stands, which we introduced some years ago. 



In the last year or two we have made substantial modifications, aiming at 

 simplification, in the construction of the medium and small stands, and regarding 

 which, special prospectuses have already been published by us. They deal princi- 

 pally with the provision made for the subsequent addition of accessories 

 to stage and illuminating apparatus of the stand in its simplest form, 

 and at the same time, by avoiding all superfluous luxury of finish in the stand 

 itself, reducing thereby the price of these stands as low as possible. 



A. Illumination of the Object. 



I. Illumination by transmitted light. 



J D 



Modern microscopy relies mainly on illumination by transmitted light, with 

 a concomitant facility for a wide variation of the incident pencil both as regards 

 its [angular aperture and its direction. Both these requirements are fully met 

 by the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus, first introduced by us in 1872 (see 

 E. ABBE in M. SCHULTZE'S Archiv fur mikrosk. Anatomie, vol. IX, 1873, 

 pp. 469480, and Gesammelte Abhandlungen, I, Jena 1904, pp. 101112). The 

 use of this apparatus has in the course of the last few decades become so 

 general, and it has been so universally acknowledged as an indispensable accessory 



t33, Stna. 



