500 METHODS FOR INVERTEBRATES. 



mixture of 10 parts 10 per cent, solution of sulphate of copper with 

 1 part concentrated sublimate solution, or the formol mixture. 



Molluscoida. 



930. Bryozoa. For some methods of killing and fixing see 13, 

 20, and 21. S. Lo BIANCO employs for Pedicellina and Loxosomi 

 the chloral hydrate method, fixing with sublimate. For Flustra, 

 Cellepora, Bugula, Zoobothrium, he employs the alcohol method of 

 EISIG, 18. For Cristatella see 16, 20. See also BRAUN. 



< CONSER (Trans. Amer. Mic. Soc., xvii, 1896, p. 310) kills the 

 fresh water forms with cocaine, puts them for an hour into 1 per- 

 cent, chromic acid, and passes through water into alcohol, etc. 



Similarly CALVET (Hist. Nat. Bryozoaires, Montpellier, 1900, p. 15), 

 for marine forms. 



ZSCHIESCHE (Zool. Jahrb., xxviii, 1909, p. 6) fixes larvae of 

 Alcyonidium (settled down on a layer of celloidin or paraffin) with 

 8 parts of sublimate and 2 of acetic acid to 90 of sea water, for 

 twenty-five to thirty minutes. 



931. Brachiopoda. Lo BIANCO kills small animals in 70 per cent, 

 alcohol, larger ones being first narcotised with alcohol a'nd sea 

 water. 



BLOCHMANN (Untersuch.fein. Bau Brachiopoden, Jena, 1892, p. 5) 

 'fixes principally with sublimate, macerates by the HERT WIGS' 

 method, 526, decalcifies with 1 per cent, chromic acid (for thick 

 shells add a little hydrochloric or nitric acid), or with nitric acid in 

 alcohol of 50 to 70 per cent., and embeds in paraffin or celloidin. 



See also EKMAN, Zeit. wiss. Zool., Ixii, 1896, p. 172. 



Mollusca. 



932. Fixation. To kill Mollusca extended for dissection make 

 up stock solution A : 90 parts absolute alcohol, 10 parts turpentine ; 

 10 per cent, of A to 90 per cent, water. Leave in twelve to twenty- 

 four hours. Lo BIANCO narcotises Lamellibranchs for six to ten 

 hours or more with alcohol, 18, and then kills them. 



LIST (Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, xxvii, 1902, p. 292) narcotises 

 Mytilida3 with 2 per cent, of cocaine in sea water, and (for preserva- 

 tion of cilia) fixes in sea water, with 10 per cent, of formol. 



Lo BIANCO advises that Prosobranchiata, and, amongst the 

 Heteropoda, Atlantidse, be narcotised with 70 per cent, alcohol, 18. 

 For Opisthobranchiata I recommend sudden killing with liquid of 

 Perenyi, or the acetic method, 929. Aplysia may first be narcotised 



