CHAPTER XXXV I. 503 



938. Shell. Sections of non-decalcified shell are easily obtained 

 by the usual methods of grinding, or, which is often a better plan, 

 by the methods of v. KOCH or EHRENBAUM. MOSELEY (Quart. 

 Journ. Mic. Sci. (2), xxv, 1885, p. 40) decalcifies with nitric acid of 

 3 to 4 per cent, and then makes sections. This method serves for 

 the study of the eyes of CHITONID.E. 



939. Injection of Acephala (FLEMMING, Arch. mik. Anat., 1878, 

 p. 252). To kill the animals freeze them in a salt and ice mixture, 

 and throw them for half an hour into lukewarm water. They will 

 be found dead, and the injection-pipe may be tied in the heart, and 

 the entire animal filled and covered up with plaster of Paris, which 

 serves to occlude cut vessels that it is not possible to tie. As soon 

 as the plaster has hardened the injection may be proceeded with. 

 See also DEWITZ, Anleit. zur Anfert. zootom. Prdp., Berlin, 1886, p. 44 

 (Anodonta) and p. 52 (Helix). 



DAKIN (Liverpool Mar. Biol. Comm., xvii, 1909, p. 76) narcotises 

 by adding alcohol and glycerin for eighteen to twenty-four hours, 

 puts for half an hour into formol of 5 per cent., and injects from a 

 branchial vessel. 



MOZEJKO (Zeit. wiss. Mik., xxvi, 1909, p. 353, and 1910, p. 542) 

 puts for half an hour into water at 40 to 50 C., removes the shell, 

 and injects carmine by auto-injection through the heart. For 

 occluding vessels he takes cotton-wool soaked with gelatin and 

 plaster of Paris. He takes for a vaso-dilator a saturated solution 

 of peptonum siccum. 



940. Maceration Methods for Epithelium. ENGELMANN (Pfluger's 

 Arch., xxiii, 1880, p. 505) macerates the intestine of Cyclas in osmic 

 acid of 0-2 per cent, (after having warmed the animal for a short 

 time to 45 to 50 C.), or in concentrated boracic acid solution. 



Cilia. The entire intra-cellular fibre apparatus may be isolated 

 by teasing fresh epithelium from the intestine of a Lamellibranch 

 (e.g., Anodonta) in either bichromate of potash of 4 per cent, or salt 

 solution of 10 per cent. To get good views of the apparatus in situ 

 in the body of the cell, macerate for not more than an hour in 

 concentrated solution of boracic or salicylic acid. Very dilute 

 osmic acid (e.g., 0-1 per cent.) gives also good results. The " lateral 

 cells " of the gills are best treated with strong boracic acid solution 

 (5 parts cold saturated aqueous solution to 1 part water). 



Dr. ORTON uses borax carmine and picro-nigrosin (in liter a). 



BELA HALLER'S Mixture, see 532; BROCK'S Medium, 523; 

 MOBIUS'S Media, 527 ; the second of these is much recom- 



