43 



MANGERS. 



The manger or feeding box should furnish each cow with a 

 convenient place to eat, separate from every other cow and capable 

 of holding her food in a position where she can reach it easily. 

 It had better be constructed with a nearly vertical cement backing 

 so that the cow will not, while eating the food nearest her, push 

 the rest of it out of her reach. A continuous manger, 21 inches 

 wide, with rounded bottom and from 6 to 10 inches deep, gives 

 perhaps the best satisfaction inasmuch as close partitions separating 

 each cow's portion can be arranged so that they can be raised, and 

 the manger cleaned out, A slope toward one end and a pipe there- 

 from to the sewer permits of freq?uent washings. For different types 

 of mangers se Plate 10. Any one of the forms illustrated as likely 

 to prove fairly satisfactory. 



TIES. 



The method of tying cows is important. They should be 

 fastened so as to have little chance for motion to right or left 

 and yet have as much freedom of the head as is possible. This is 

 best accomplished by the use of a good swing stanchion which permits 

 the cow to turn her head easily from side to side and to move it 

 freely up and down, but, w'thal, prevents her from interfering with 

 her neighbours. The chain fastening is another good method, for 

 while it gives the cow more opportunity to interfere with her 

 neighbours, it allows her more freedom and permits easier lying 

 down and getting nip. Where chains are used, however, stall 

 divisions are necessary to prevent horned animals from injuring 

 each other. 



WATER. 



Water should be within reach of the cow at all times, and thia 

 is best accomplished by having small drinking fountains between 

 the heads of each pair of cows. The supply of water to these drinking 

 fountains can be controlled by a ball cock in a tank placed somewhere 

 in the stable on a level with the fountains. Where a continuous 

 cement manger is used for a row of cows it might be filled with 

 water at intervals during the day and so obviate the necessity of 

 fountains. Our experience here, however, would seem to indicate 

 the separate fountain system as being the better plan. 



