47 



divided from, the stable where the milch cows are kept. This build- 

 ing should be as well built, as carefully ventilated and as well lighted 

 as the cow barn. For calves, either stalls with small swing stanchions, 

 or boxes, should be provided. These would, necessarily, vary in 

 dimension to suit the different sizes of calves. 



Box stalls for bulls should be 10 feet x 10 feet or larger, built 

 with walls sufficiently high to prevent the inmates interfering with 

 other animals, and with a window in each for a good supply of light. 



The boxes for calving cows and other sick animals should be 

 in the quietest part of the stable, and, if possible, in a place parti- 

 tioned off from the rest. It should be arrainged so that abundance 

 of light and air may be admitted, but with ready means for the 

 control thereof. 



VENTILATING THE COW BARN. 



The absolute need for pure air in our stables of all kinds is 

 to-day conceded by practically every stockman. Yet only once in 

 many visits does one find things right. The causes of imperfect 

 success where efforts have been made are various. One of the most 

 common is failure to give proper attention to the system installed. 

 Another often met with is imperfect installation. Ignorance of 

 what good ventilation really is, however, accounts for the most 

 failures of all. 



To spend good money and carefiufl thought installing a venti- 

 lating system, only to neglect keeping it in operation is criminal. 

 No effective system ever devised for use in stables is automatic in 

 adjustment to varying atmospheric conditions. Changes in tem- 

 l>erature or variation in wind velocity will always necessitate some 

 change in the arrangement of the controls or checks. 



Neglect to open or increase the capacity once it has been cut 

 off in some measure in a cold time, is the most common cause leading 

 to the condemnation of what might otherwise have been a good 

 system. Another quite frequent cause leading to the condemnation 

 of a sysrtem is the too small capacity of the installation. The 

 average carpenter is apt to guage the requirements of the stable in 

 the way of air by the coldest weather requirements. For this reason, 

 installations are very apt to be too limited in capacity for average 

 weather conditions and much too limited for warm weather. 



Then again, an installation may be condemned unfairly, because 

 the owner of a stable expects it to do more than any system of 



