60 



with the length of periods but to vary inversely as to 

 quality of milk. This might be better explained by saying that, 

 while cows yielding 30 Ibs. of 4 per cent milk, or 1-20 Ibs. butterfat, 

 and milked at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., might be expected to give about 

 15 Ibs. of 4 per cent milk, night and morning, the same cows milked 

 at 6 a.m. and 4 p.m. would quite probably continue to give 30 Ibs. 

 of milk in the 24 hours but would generally produce the milk and 

 butterfat about as follows: At 6 a.m., 17 to 18 Ibs. of 3-5 to 3-75 per 

 cent milk and at 4 p.m., 12 to 13 Ibs., of 4-3 to 4-6 per cent milk. 



' We have demonstrated, too, that not only may the quality of the 

 milk produced by any given cow vary from milking to milking in a 

 fairly regular way, belt it may vary materially from day to day as 

 affected by a multitude of minor influences, such as variations in 

 weather, supply of water and salt, change in quality of food or of 

 method or time of feeding, change of milkers or time of milking, 

 fear, anger, uneasiness or discomfort in any form. 



Further, as any dairyman soon learns, the quality of the milk 

 improves as the actual milking operation progresses. The first milk 

 drawn is invariably low in buitterfat. As the operation progresses, 

 the percentage of fat increases until the highest fat content is 

 reached in the last few ounces that can be drawn or coaxed from 

 ] the udder. Moral, milk your cows clean. 



MILKING MACHINES. 



Milking machines have been in use for many years. A machine 

 in use in the main barn here has proven very satisfactory. It can 

 be kept perfectly clean with a moderate amount of labour. It has 

 not, apparently, any tendency to decrease the milk yield of the cows. 

 The milk drawn by the machine is, on the average, about as clean as 

 that drawn by hand. 



While it cannot be said, everything considered, to do the milk- 

 ing much more cheaply than it can be done by hand, it has the 

 advantage of making it possible to milk a large number of cows in 

 a reasonably short time with a small number of milkers. The work 

 of running the milking machine seems to be more acceptable to 

 most men than is hand milking. 



The machine may be operated by steam, gasoline or electric 

 power. One man can run from three to four milking units. Each 

 unit draws the milk from a single cow and draws it quite as quickly, 

 if not even more quickly, than it can be done by a rapid milker. It 



