75 



to 8 of carbohydrates and fat, written usually N.R. 1: 8, would be 

 called wide for a dairy cow in milk. ' N.R. 1 : 8 ' is read ' Nutri- 

 tive Ratio 1 to 8.' 



A ration with a large amotunt of protein in proportion to the 

 carbohydrates and fat, say 1 protein to 3 -2 carbohydrates and fat, that 

 is N.R. 1: 3-2, would be called a narrow ration for a cow in milk. 



A ration in which the proportion between the principal consti- 

 tuents, protein on the one side and carbohydrates and fat on the 

 other is such that for the amount of feed the best possible results 

 are obtained in the way of milk, in Hhe case of the dairy cow, is 

 said to be a ' balanced ration? As given in the ' Wolff-Lehmann 

 Feeding Standard' below, a balanced ration for a cow giving about 

 27 -5 Ibs. milk should show 1 protein to 4 '5 carbohydrates and fat, 

 that is N.R. 1: 4-5. 



FEEDING STANDARDS. 



Investigations made into the amounts of protein, carbohydrates 

 and fats required by animals, and the amount of each available in 

 the vario-us feeding stuffs, have resulted in the evolving of what are 

 commonly called l Feeding Standards,' indicating what experience 

 and investigation have found to be the approximately proper 

 amounts of each of these essential food constituents to include in a 

 ration for the best results. 



Some of the better known of these ' Standards/ so far as dairy 

 cattle are concerned, are given below: 



WOLFF-LEHMANN FEEDING STANDARD. 

 (German Investigations.) 



