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ensure a moderate amount of potash remaining on the button, but 

 not enough to cause the potash and water to run down and so 

 endanger the eye or remove the hair. 



If the animal is not dehorned when a calf, it should be dehorned 

 when about two and a half years old. This may be done with a 

 saw or a clipper. Tha Keystone clipper is probably the best instru- 

 ment wherewith to perform the operation. When clipping, it is 

 best to cut so close to the head as to remove a ring of about one- 

 eighth of an inch of hair with the horn. By clipping at that 

 point, the operation can be performed much more quickly, with less 

 pain to the animal and with less risk of any unpleasant after-effects. 

 Searing the horn stub with a hot iron immediately after clipping is 

 a good practice, but is probably unnecessary under most conditions. 

 The best months to dehorn in are October, November or April. 



EVERSION OF THE UTERUS, INVERSION OF THE WOMB, OR CASTING OF 



THE WITHERS. Are all three different ways of describing the same 

 condition, in which the uterus or womb is thrust out and hangs down 

 from the vagina in a large mass. It occurs usually immediately after 

 calving, but may happen, in some degree at least, at almost any 

 time, even when cows are pregnant. 



The protruding 1 mass should be carefully washed with cold 

 water containing a small percentage of zenoleum, creolin or carbolic 

 acid. When clean, it should be gently but firmly shoved back into 

 place. This may be done by placing the closed fist under the mass 

 and pressing it steadily -upward and inward into position, in spite 

 of straining on the part of the cow. When in place, it should be 

 held by stitching the lips of the vulva and leaving thus for a day or 

 even longer. Tying a small rope tightly round the body just behind 

 the fore legs and another similar rope just in front of the hind legs 

 will do much to keep the cow from straining. Building up a plat- 

 form 6 or 7 inches high, in such a way as to raise the hind quarters 

 higher than the front, will help correct any tendency toward this 

 condition and will also help cure any difficult case. Cows that 

 have once suffered from eversion of the uterus are very likely to be 

 similarly affected each time they calve. 



FLIES cause great loss to the dairy farmer by so irritating the 

 cows as to reduce the flow of milk very materially. They may be 

 combatted by the more or less frequent application of suitable 



