6 MAN'S ERKORS. 



26. The disavowal or non-admission of man's kinship to, 

 or fellowship with, other animals ; obliviousness of the fact 

 that they are fellow-creatureg or fellow-morta's, with fellow- 

 feelings. 



27. The perplexing terminology of mental philosophy. 

 Such errors as the foregoing are the natural fruit of the 



following faults and failings of human nature, which have 

 ever constituted, and continue to constitute, formidable 

 obstacles to the proper study of animal reason : 



1. Ignorance, on the one hand, of the natural history and 

 habits of the lower animals, and on the other of the natural 

 history of the human mind ; or, in other words, of biology, 

 zoology, physiology and psychology (human and comparative), 

 and logic. 



2. Thoughtlessness ; want of due consideration or reflec- 

 tion. 



3. Intolerance, pride, arrogance, self-complacency or vanity, 

 amour-propre, exclusiveness and selfishness, jealousy. 



4. Prejudice, superstition, bigotry or fanaticism, especi- 

 ally those forms which are theological and metaphysical. 



5. Incompetence to sift evidence, to observe facts, to reason 

 logically, and the confusion of ideas therefrom resulting. 



6. The substitution of speculation for the observation of 

 fact and for logical inference. The confusion of the un- 

 certain or unascertained with the certain or ascertained ; 

 of fact with fiction, inference, or opinion. 



7,. Imperviousness to conviction, and the prevalence and 

 preference of dogmatism, theological or other. 



8. Want of sympathy with, and appreciation of, animal 

 character, feeling, and suffering. 



9. The dread of the consequences of scientific enquiry and 

 conclusions, in reference especially to current religious creeds 

 or faiths ; fears for the stability or reality of man's boasted 

 pre-eminence, for the vaunted dignity of human nature. 



10. The tendency to harsh or hasty judgments on the 

 character of subject creatures. 



11. The liability to morbid credulity or credulousness. 



In so far, then, as error, and the sources or causes of 

 error, in or concerning man's conceptions of the nature and 



