32 EXPEKIMENTS ON 



of an improved public feeling towards subject creatures ; 

 besides which, they have a distinct scientific and educational 

 value. Dr. Dohrn, of Naples, Mr. Lloyd, of the Crystal 

 Palace Aquarium, and Mr. Kent, of the Aquaria of Brighton 

 and Manchester, have shown the value of marine and other 

 aquaria in the study of the habits of fish and other aquatic 

 animals. Happy families are most instructive and sugges- 

 tive as showing man's power for good or evil over other 

 animals, the force of discipline, their capacity for educa- 

 tion, and their power of control of their natural propen- 

 sities or passions. 



Not only, however, is it possible for every man, woman, 

 and child of average intelligence to observe and reflect upon 

 the habits of domestic and other animals, and the nature 

 of the phenomena which they exhibit or involve, but experi- 

 ment may equally fitly and easily be instituted in order to 

 determine the true nature, relations, and range of their so- 

 called ' instinct.' In order to show what has been already 

 done in this direction, and what may still be accomplished 

 by those who have the necessary qualifications, I append a 

 list of the chief, including the most recent, experiments on 

 the mental endowments of animals that have come under my 

 own notice. 



1. Moggridge: on the ants of the south of France, in- 

 cluding his interesting observations on 6 harvesting ants ; ' 

 the possibility of deceiving them by beads instead of grain ; 

 deterring or alarming them by the sight of a mere line, or 

 of dead or dying companions. 



2. Lubbocki on ants, bees, and wasps; their power of 

 intercommunication, of way-finding; their perception of 

 colour and sound ; the influence upon them of light, of 

 alcohol, of chloroform; their tempers, affection, and in- 

 telligence. 



3. Belt : on the foraging and leaf-cutting ants of 

 Nicaragua, and on the artificial production by corrosive 

 sublimate of insanity in the whitefaced monkey. 



4. Hague : on the ants of California. 



5. Huber (Pierre) : on ants in formicaria, and on cater- 

 pillars. 



