AND OTHER ANIMALS. 113 



instruments fashioned by man. On the other hand, there is 

 no use of the metals probably no knowledge of them in 

 certain savage races of man (Biichner). 



29. Cookery, or the preparation of food. A special chapter 

 on this subject shows how many races of man are ignorant 

 of all kinds of cookery using their food, whether animal, 

 vegetable, or even mineral, in its raw, crude state and how 

 many animals prepare their food in some way prior to using 

 it, and make use of foods, animal and vegetable, cooked by 

 man. 



30. The use of hands by their mechanism and structure 

 in man ; the absence of true fingers and opposable thumbs 

 in other animals. Man is approached, however, in this 

 respect by the anthropoid apes, who use their fingers and 

 hands for many of the same purposes to which man applies 

 his for instance, in their behaviour at table, including the 

 use of table utensils. Many illustrations are to be found in 

 the chapter on the c Use of Tools and Weapons.' Moreover 

 paws, beaks, claws, probosces, horns, and hoofs form efficient 

 substitutes for hands e.g. in the arts of animals. Wood has 

 devoted a whole volume to the subject of ' Homes without 

 Hands,' constructed by the lower animals. 



31. The use of clothing as a protection against cold, or as 

 a covering for nakedness, or both. But a separate chapter 

 shows, on the one hand, how many races of man wear ab- 

 solutely no clothing, and, on the other, how many other 

 animals improvise a dress or adopt that of man. 



32. The construction of shelter or dwellings another of 

 the many alleged differences of sufficient interest to require 

 treatment in a special chapter. It is there pointed out how 

 many races of primitive or savage man avail themselves of 

 the natural shelter of rocks, caves, or woods, constructing no 

 sort of habitations, and how many of the lower animals 

 build themselves dwellings that excel in substantiality, com- 

 fort, and amenity the huts or hovels of men even in the 

 vicinity of the highest civilisation. 



33. Blushing is not peculiar to man, though it is much 

 more readily seen in him by reason of the colour of his skin 

 and the bareness of his face. Cnlnnr-chaity? in the skin, or 



VOL. I. I 



