122 SUPREMACY OF MAN. 



Bari of Tropical Africa, says Sir Samuel Baker, is e below 

 the brute. . . . The human beings of Central Africa live as 

 animals, simply using the brain as a director of their chief 

 wants.' Livingstone tells us that the soko kidnaps children, 

 carrying them in its arms. But if tempted by a bunch of 

 bananas it lets the child drop, 'while the young soko in 

 such a case would cling closely to the armpit of the elder. 5 

 The Manyuema natives say that the ' soko is a man, and has 

 nothing bad in him,' thus voluntarily and honestly confessing 

 his moral and mental superiority to themselves. According to 

 Sir John Koss, the Eskimo is ' a beast of prey, without any 

 other pleasure than that of eating. . . . He devours as long 

 as he can and as much as he can get, like the vulture or the 

 tiger. . . . He eats only to sleep, and sleeps only as soon as 

 possible to eat again. 3 



Man's inferiority to many of the lower animals is not 

 only illustrated, however, by the moral and mental condition 

 of savage, primitive, and prehistoric man, but also by certain 

 degraded or degenerate, or uncultured classes or indi- 

 viduals in the midst of the highest civilisation for instance, 

 by the psychical condition of the human idiot, imbecile, 

 lunatic, and criminal, as well as of hosts of persons who 

 are simply illiterate, vicious, or of low intelligence and 

 devoid of any refinement of feeling. 



It is desirable here to give some attention to the re- 

 markable differences in moral and intellectual quality that 

 occur in man in different races, classes, and individuals. 

 It is most instructive to study, for instance, the nature and 

 extent of the psychical differences between 



1. The infant or child and the adult, in the same indi- 

 vidual, among the cultured classes. 



2. The two sexes in the civilised adult. 



3. The moral, religious, virtuous man and the criminal. 



4. The individual who possesses the normally developed 

 mens sana in corpore sano y and his idiot, imbecile, lunatic, 

 and criminal brother. 



5. The poet, mathematician, theologian, naturalist, na- 

 tural and moral philosopher, collectively or individually, 

 and the collier of Lancashire, the labourer of Dorsetshire, 



