132 INSTINCT AND REASON. 



9. Love of power and glory, including pride and am- 

 bition. 



10. Love of liberty. 



11. Sense of dependence. 



12. Love of the beautiful in sound, form, or colour. 



13. Love of novelty and variety. 



14. Imitation. 



15. Constructiveness, including technical skill and art. 



16. Feeling of modesty or decency. 



17. Defiance, and its expression by menace. 



18. Sense of benefit, with its expression by gratitude. 



19. Fear, including, or leading to, suspiciousness. 



20. Sense of supernatural agency one of the bases or 

 forms of the religious sentiment. 



There are, however, endless difficulties in the application 

 of the term instinct to many of the mental aptitudes just 

 enumerated. One of the most obvious is the contradiction 

 involved in two such conjoined terms as the ' instinct of 

 imitation.' As Spalding points out, the two things facul- 

 ties or qualities are antithetical or antagonistic, inasmuch 

 as imitation leads to incessant modification of what is sup- 

 posed to be unerring and unchangeable. Again, fear is 

 probably invariably developed in connection with ideas of 

 danger, real or supposed, and of the means of escaping or 

 avoiding it. 



Then metaphysicians, with a passion for elaborate mental 

 analysis, tell us that many, or perhaps all, apparently simple 

 instincts are really compound. What appears to be the very 

 simple and intelligible desire for the conservation of life, 

 for instance, is represented by authors of the phrenological 

 school as being really a sense of danger, a fear that gives 

 rise to caution or precautions. 



It is obvious that such instincts as are mentioned in the 

 foregoing enumeration vary much in their character. While 

 we may easily conceive the possibility or probability of some of 

 them having been originally acquired, we have a very different 

 feeling in regard to others. No doubt all may have been 

 originally acquired, and may have become congenital by here- 

 ditary transmission ; and it is possible nay, likely that, 



