MORALITY AND RELIGION. 

 CHAPTER I. 



THE MORAL SENSE IN LOWER MAN. 



PRIOR to any consideration of the nature or extent of the 

 moral sense in other animals, it is necessary that we should 

 study in man 



1. The absence of morals, morality, or conscience appa- 

 rent or real, comparative or absolute. 



2. The genesis and slow evolution or gradual development, 

 and the cultivation, of the moral sense. 



3. Its manifold perversions in disease or otherwise. 



4. Its decay or degeneration in age. 



Hence it is incumbent on the student of comparative 

 psychology, before he can be in a proper position to judge 

 of the moral status of other animals, to acquaint himself 

 fully with the moral history or status of the following races, 

 groups, or conditions of mankind : 



1. Early states or stages of human society, as illustrated 

 by primitive or savage man. 



2. The infant or child of civilised parents. 



3. Idiots, as illustrating mental defect. 



4. The insane, as illustrating mental disorder. 



5. The criminal classes, as embodying, to various extents 

 or in various senses, both mental defect and disorder. 



6. What may well be called the vicious though popu- 



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