166 MORAL SENSE IN MAN. 



2. Lust, lewdness, and debauchery. 



3: Desertion, including exposure and mutilation of or 

 insults to the young and aged, sick, weak or disabled, and 

 dead. 



4. Cruelty to, including the torture of, captives or ene- 

 mies, and pleasure in witnessing the sufferings of their 

 victims. 



5. Bloodthirstiness, propensity to murder, including 

 cannibalism. 



6. Dishonesty, envy, covetousness, greed, proneness to 

 theft, robbery, plunder of all kinds or degrees. 



7. Prevalence of perjury, mendacity, lying. 



8. Selfishness. 



9. Ingratitude, including the repayment of good with evil. 



10. Treachery, deceit, cunning. 



11. Dominance of the instincts, appetites, and passions. 

 In describing the moral condition of savage races of man, 



some authors content themselves by speaking generally of an 

 utter or comparative want of the moral sense or of conscience, 

 while others specify and dwell upon the individual moral 

 defects that have arrested their attention. 



Of the first class of descriptions or opinions the following 

 are illustrations : Among the apelike tree-men of the 

 Malay Peninsula ' not even the rudiments of morality 

 seemed to exist' (Bradley). The negro of Eastern Tropical 

 Africa 'has, or knows, no conscience' (Burton). The natives 

 of the White Nile districts are 'inaccessible to all moral 

 feeling,' while the Bari ' has not a moral human instinct ' 

 (Baker). The Brazilian Botokudo is 'quite destitute of 

 moral notions .... entirely destitute of moral ideas. . . . 

 Immorality is normal ' (Biichner). 



Of individual moral defects not a few traveller-authors 

 have been struck by the absence of gratitude, or any feeling 

 or expression thereto akin, in savages. ' No benefit or good, 

 however great .... is appreciated or recognised by him. 

 Such a thing as gratitude is quite unknown ' in the West 

 African negro (Monteiro) . ' The results of emancipation 

 have proved that the negro does not appreciate the blessings 

 of freedom. Nor does he show the slightest gratitude to 



