182 MOKAL SENSE 



dog and other animals give unquestionable evidence that 

 they know what, according to man's law to them, is right and 

 wrong, and they prefer to do the one or the other according 

 to their individuality and the character of their previous 

 moral training. 



Monkeys and other animals sometimes show, as much as 

 does the human child, a very decided enjoyment of forbidden 

 pleasures, not only knowing that they are, but because of 

 their being, interdicted. 



The dog, horse, mule, elephant, and other animals have 

 frequently a distinct sense, feeling, or knowledge of duty, 

 trust, or task ; and this not only as regards their own per- 

 sonal obligations, but in so far as duty of various kinds is 

 attachable to other individuals of the same species, or to 

 those of other genera and species, including man himself 

 when, for instance, such duty of man's has any immediate 

 reference to, or connection with, themselves. In other words, 

 they have clear conceptions of their own duties, and of the 

 duties of others, including man, in relation to them. 



The discharge of their own duties, which in many 

 instances are self-imposed, involves, or is characterised by 



1. An understanding of the nature of the work to be exe- 

 cuted of the duty required, for instance, by man. 



2. Conscientiousness in the discharge of duty, which again 

 implies 



a. Sterling honesty and fidelity. 

 I. Willingness or zeal. 



c. Regularity, including perseverance, patience, and 



method. 



d. Accuracy, based on high intelligence. 



The working elephant requires that the nature of its work 

 should be explained to it, to as great an extent as possible 

 demonstratively by illustration. It very quickly and readily 

 comprehends what it is that man wishes and expects it to do, 

 and it very soon learns to execute its task without supervision, 

 bringing to the discharge of its duty so much zeal or hearti- 

 ness, so much conscientiousness, that it frequently displays 

 an obvious dread of failure in, or of inability for, the due ful- 

 filment of its trust, even when the causes of such failure or 



