244 CAPACITY FOR EDUCATION. 



master and servant. This is so obviously an advantage in 

 the case of the sportsman and his dogs that it is desirable 

 their lessons should be learned together (Walsh) ; there 

 should be a conjoint education, so that the servant may as 

 thoroughly understand the capabilities of his master as the 

 latter those of his servant. Hence the advantage of the 

 training by their owners themselves of sporting dogs. There 

 are some excellent well-bred sporting dogs, as there are 

 horses, that only work properly under or with a master, 

 whom they can respect, in whom they have confidence con- 

 fidence not in his kindness, but in his skill as a sportsman or 

 rider. Nor must it be lost sight of that there is frequent 

 congeniality of pursuit ; the horse or dog may become as fond 

 of the race or chase as the huntsman ; and wherever this 

 common love or interest in the work exists, the work itself, 

 whatever it be, is likely to be thoroughly well done, equally 

 by man, horse, and dog. Mutual confidence and affection 

 beget improvement of the moral character, as well as of cer- 

 tain mental aptitudes, of both master and animal com- 

 panion or servant, a circumstance frequently observed in 

 the relation of man to his horse or dog. 



The lessons of life learned by the lower animals may be 

 either 



1. Those taught by experience, including need or neces- 

 sity, frequently dearly bought. 



2. Those taught by their parents, elders, seniors, or com- 

 panions, and insisted upon by penalties. 



3. Those taught by man, inculcated sometimes systema- 

 tically in regular schools. 



4. Those self-imposed, in the form of lesson practising or 

 learning. 



Obviously, then, such lessons may be either deliberately 

 taught and consciously acquired, or they may be learned 

 unconsciously, as in the case frequently of the influence 

 of example and imitation. There is an education of this 

 kind one not contemplated by either teacher or pupil, 

 both of whom are unconscious agents in the result in the 

 acquisition by foster young of the habits of foster parents. 

 Thus the dog acquires sometimes catlike habits from asso- 



