266 EDUCATION OF ANIMALS BY MAN. 



In both cases it may be said that the character of the 

 master determines that of his animal retainer a circumstance 

 that attaches to the former, as has been shown in other 

 chapters, a high measure of responsibility for the behaviour 

 of subject animals. 



The effect of man's companionship in the production of 

 humanlike behaviour is best illustrated perhaps in the an- 

 thropoid apes, in whom imitation is powerful, and who in 

 structure and habit of body so closely resemble man. ' They 

 become accustomed to wear clothes, drink out of glasses, 

 use a spoon and a fork, uncork bottles, clean boots, and 

 brush clothes, and are even .said to be employed at the 

 Cape in a number of useful labours of the house and field. 

 . . . On shipboard they help to reef and furl the sails. 

 They make themselves a bed with a raised pillow, show an 

 inclination for ladies, light a fire and cook food, dust furni- 

 ture, clean the floor, try to open locks. . . . Buffon's cele- 

 brated chimpanzee extended his hand to visitors, went arm- 

 in-arm with them, ate at table, sitting and with a napkin, 

 used fork and spoon, wiped his mouth, poured out a glass, 

 fetched coffee, put sugar in it. ... Bastian saw in an Eng- 

 lish man-of-war an ape sitting among the sailors, sewing 

 as zealously as they ' (Buchner). 



Man's mere companionship is indeed an education in itself, 

 whether for good or for evil. 'Like master, like dog' is 

 quite as true as the adage c Like master, like man.' His dog 

 as well as his human retainer insensibly acquires something 

 of his own character ; such is the force of example and imi- 

 tation of what has been called moral contagion or sympathy. 

 The resemblance may be simply ludicrous; the dog, and 

 still more the monkey, may become a mere unintentional 

 caricature of its master, as when it acquires his attitudes, 

 gestures, or looks of hauteur. But the resemblance is quite 

 as likely to be serious in every respect. 



Thus the bull-dog, trained for mere fighting purposes in 

 such a moral atmosphere as that of ITanley, is ' a morose 

 and suspicious animal; but he has been made so by bad 

 masters and his parents before him. He is a diseased, morbid 

 specimen of the race' (Wood). ' He is .... an unsafe 



