270 EDUCATION OF ANIMALS BY MAN. 



to the fullest practicable extent, all their faculties or powers, 

 moral, intellectual, and physical. 



Domestication in the case of the Quadrumana involves a 

 high degree of what may be quite properly called civilisation, 

 including the acquisition of domestic habits for instance, 

 as to behaviour at table, bed-going, visiting, and equitation. 

 This has already and specially been pointed out in reference 

 to the orang and chimpanzee, chacma baboon, and various 

 apes. 



Domestication involves a certain kind or degree of 

 mutual understanding, attachment, confidence, sympathy, 

 and sociability, a desire to please as well as a readiness to 

 be pleased. 



In domestication various noteworthy physiological trans- 

 formations take place, including the loss of certain natural 

 aptitudes or habits and the acquisition of new ones (Elam). 

 A marked change of disposition usually occurs (Spencer). 



But these changes in the temper or intelligence or mode 

 of life are not always for the better. Nor are they all to be 

 attributed to education, whether indirectly or directly. They 

 are due partly to alterations in food, drink, temperature, 

 humidity, altitude, climate, shelter, and occupation; they 

 include the results of an unnatural mode of life, with its 

 involved deprivation of exercise, freedom, and gratification 

 of the sexual or other instincts, as pointed out in the 

 chapter on the ' Mixed Causes of Mental Derangement. 3 



The practice of domestication of other animals, other 

 genera and species, is not confined to man. There are 

 certain other animals that resort to the practice, with the 

 same kind of objects in view ministration to their own 

 physical wants or comforts for the sake of their service or 

 produce. Thus certain ants keep certain Aphides, just as 

 man keeps milch cows, the Aphides being trained to yield 

 their honeydew in the same way as the cow is trained to 

 give up its milk. 



There are certain other 'ants that capture and train other 

 species as their slaves or servants, to do their work and wait 

 upon them ; and there is a certain kind of domestication- 

 there is at least the subjection of one animal and its will to 



