316 LAUGHTER AND WEEPING. 



associated with, or arises from, a sense of fun is developed 

 in the orang, according to Romanes, who also speaks of 

 grinning- in a Skye terrier of his own as ' intended to imitate 

 laughter.' It was the result of e evident purpose ; ' the dog 

 ' wished to be particularly agreeable,' and he imitated man's 

 laughter even to c shaking his sides in a convulsive manner.' 



The soko too grins (Livingstone) ; and so does the orang, 

 which smiles also when tickled (Darwin and Watson). 



Among voice-sounds comparable with laughter arising 

 from the same kind of feelings or ideas are chuckling, 

 giggling, and tittering, which have been described as occur- 

 ring in certain animals. Thus chuckling, as a prelude to 

 laughter, is producible in the chimpanzee by the action of 

 tickling (Darwin). The parrot chuckles at the success of 

 its own practical jokes (Darwin). Chuckling occurs also in 

 certain monkeys. The soko giggles (Livingstone). Tittering 

 occurs among monkeys when they are pleased (Darwin). 



Various animals imitate, and successfully, man's laughter 

 that is, its outward expression. The parrot, for instance, 

 can be taught to imitate its master's laughter, just as it 

 learns to speak his verbal language and to pipe or whistle 

 his tunes (Darwin). But the same animal is capable also of 

 hearty and spontaneous laughter of fits or peals of laughter. 

 It laughs at its own mistakes or mischief (Watson) Sir 

 Wy ville Thomson describes the ' loud, mocking laugh ' of a 

 Brazilian one at the success of a practical joke . of its own. 

 A writer in * Chambers's Journal ' describes a well-known 

 Edinburgh parrot as ' a capital laugher,' and as laughing 

 'heartily.' White speaks of heartiness of laughter in the 

 woodpecker. A pet magpie of Jesse's had a laugh that was 

 6 so hearty, joyous, and natural, that no one who heard it 

 could help joining in it.' Wood tells us that certain 

 swallows, on the successful issue of a practical joke played 

 by them on a cat, seemed each ' to set up a laugh at the 

 disappointed enemy, very like the laugh of a young child 

 when tickled.' 



Laughter has been frequently described as occurring 

 in the Quadrumana including the orang and chimpanzee 

 when tickled (Darwin, Watson, Le Cat, Grant), and 



