398 LAW AND PUNISHMENT. 



6. The law or rule of right. 



7. That of constituted authority, which may or may not 

 involve that of might and right, either or both. 



8. Laws of etiquette including those regulating pre- 

 cedence. 



9. Lynch law the administration of punishment for 

 offences without any form of trial. 



10. Possession. 



Hence some animals may be described as possessing what 

 are virtually national, provincial, territorial, proprietary, 

 public, domestic, communal, military, civil, criminal, social, 

 conjugal, moral, or other laws. 



What may well be called the law of might, the rule of 

 the strongest, prevails throughout the animal kingdom- 

 including man. The dominance of the powerful over the 

 weak, of tyranny or bullyism, is everywhere common. But 

 mere physical or corporeal strength does not necessarily or 

 always prevail per se. In animals that occupy positions of 

 command or authority, physical is usually associated with 

 mental superiority; and mental acumen in the weak the 

 ingenious expedients to which superior sagacity gives rise 

 may, and frequently do, outmatch mere physical force. 

 Thus the huge Newfoundland dog succumbs sometimes to the 

 address and adroitness of the puny ape, which makes a beast 

 of burden of it, and rides on its back commandingly, as man 

 does on the horse (Houzeau). 



Right, however, is respected as well as might, though it 

 is also invaded, and has to be defended. The following are 

 illustrations of the vested rights of animals as recognised by 

 each other, viz. those relating to 



1. Property of all kinds, including 

 a. Food, prey, booty. 

 &. Nests or other forms of abode. 



c. Young or eggs. 



d. Marriageable or married females. 



e. Beats, districts, hunting-grounds, quarters, or 



boundaries. 



/. Trappings or insignia of office. 

 g. Slaves or servants. 



