LAW AND PUNISHMENT. 405 



being selected perhaps as the most effectual means, the most 

 dreaded kind, of punishment (Watson). 



Baboons chastise their young for impudence or want of 

 deference (Cassell). The Ehesus monkey indulges in a 

 practical joke of a diabolical kind. Having caught one of a 

 flock of crows that have been annoying it by pilfering its 

 food or otherwise, it plucks the poor animal alive, and then 

 leaves it to be pecked to death by its own fellow-birds. The 

 Titi monkey, on the other hand, gives its companion against 

 whom it has a grudge a ducking (Cassell). The leader of a 

 band or troop of apes punished a female for decoying or 

 seducing the males (Pierquin). A young baboon had been 

 annoying an old one by pulling his tail. The old one sud- 

 denly turned upon his tormentor, chastised him with cuffs 

 or blows, and finally threw the shrieking delinquent over his 

 shoulder and bore him away (Drayson). 



In troops of wild horses stragglers on the inarch are 

 punished by the adjutants ('Percy Anecdotes '). Elephants 

 both threaten and punish the idle and stupid ('Animal 

 World '). A fox chastises another for its stupidity in missing 

 its chance of securing prey (Watson). Bulls punish cows 

 for transgressing boundary lines (Watson). 



The cock inflicts vengeance on his hen for conjugal 

 infidelity real or supposed. Thus he punishes her for 

 hatching other eggs than her own, though these alien eggs 

 may have been substituted for her own by man for experi- 

 mental or other purposes. She may have committed a 

 simple error of observation in not distinguishing other eggs 

 from her own. Hers may be the mere stupidity of ignorant 

 innocence ; while he commits a more serious error of infer- 

 ence, suspicion, and jealousy assuming criminality where 

 there is none, judging from first and false appearances, 

 rushing hastily to a conclusion without either inquiry or 

 reflection. 



If a female Patagonian penguin lets her egg fall, 'the male 

 bird chastises her without pity' (Pouchet), apparently for 

 her stupidity or awkwardness. Conjugal offences are fre- 

 quently committed by birds such as the cock, stork, turkey, 



