USE OF NATURAL INSTRUMENTS. 411 



the back. Tii short, whatever attitudes human beings could 

 devise seem to come quite naturally to these absurd creatures.' 

 The artist of the ' Graphic ' who accompanied the Prince of 

 Wales in his Indian journey in 1875-76, describing the 

 tame and sacred Durga monkeys of the Temple of Benares, 

 represents the mother monkeys as there ' running about 

 with their babies clasped tightly to their breasts ; ' l and the 

 anthropoid apes in the same way strain their infants to their 

 breasts. The chimpanzee carries its young in its arms 

 (Houzeau) . 



In the same way, moreover, in which they carry about 

 and nurse or fondle their own young, various of the Quad- 

 rurnana carry about and nurse or fondle human infants as 

 well as various animal pets. Thus Berkeley tells us of a 

 monkey that carried a human child companion in its arms, 

 though it carried the poor child by tucking him under its 

 arm, head downwards, and so taking him for air to the roof. 

 The 'Animal World' mentions a tame baboon carrying a 

 dog in the same way. Livingstone reports that the soko 

 carries in its arms the children of kidnapped natives. 



We have seen that certain of the Quadrumana use their 

 arms in the caressing or embracing of their young. They 

 do so also in embracing each other, whether the embrace be 

 an expression of mutual or marital affection or the grip oi- 

 ling of the wrestler in jest or earnest. They frequently hug 

 or embrace their mates wives or husbands just as human 

 beings do in civilised society. Thus the orang-utan uses its 

 arms for embracing its mate (Cassell). The soko grapples 

 with man (Livingstone), and apes grip each other in wrestling, 

 just as our Cumberland or Westmoreland men do. Baboons 

 embrace their young (Houzeau). Bartlett speaks of the 

 mutual embraces of the chimpanzee ; Cassell of hugging or 

 embracing each other in the siamang and the tocque 

 monkey ; and various other monkeys or apes caress each 

 other by circling the arms round the neck. A male siamang 

 also embraced its master (Cassell). 



The Quadrumana use their hands for many of the same 

 purposes to which man applies them ; for instance 



1 ' Graphic,' January 5, 1876, p. 123. 



