USE OF MAN'? INSTRUMENTS. 431 



modicum of bread at the baker's he hid his money in the 

 office of his master (who was, and is still, harbour master), 

 or sometimes about the quay, in which latter case his hoards 

 were frequently found and appropriated by needy and greedy 

 quay porters or street arabs. He carried on this profitable 

 business of begging on his own account till his teeth were 

 quite worn down by the incessant friction of the coins he 

 had caught up and carried ('Animal World'). 



A certain Newfoundland dog, when offered a coin, e if not 

 at the moment hungry,' would ' hide it under his mat,' thus 

 gradually accumulating a fund of coppers, ' from which he 

 abstracted a penny or halfpenny at a time, according to the 

 state of his appetite. He knew perfectly well the difference 

 between the coins and their relative value, and that he was 

 entitled to receive two biscuits for the larger sum and only 

 one for the halfpenny.' Sometimes c he only wanted a single 

 biscuit .... and wished for the change out of his penny. 

 Now and then he took a fancy for a French roll by way of 

 variety. ... If you gave him a sixpence he would receive 

 the change, and then allow you to take it out of his mouth, 

 satisfied with his two biscuits ' (Macaulay). 



A retriever, c in consequence of being repeatedly tricked 

 .... never lets the penny out of his reach until the 

 roll is laid down.' Another dog ' quite knew the right- 

 sized bun, and used to keep his paw on the penny until he 

 got it.' A third dog having once been deceived by a baker, 

 went ever afterwards to a rival establishment on the other 

 side of the street, always, however, calling first at the 

 deceiver's shop to let him see the coin and custom he was 

 losing (Wood). Instances have been given also of dogs 

 selecting particular coins and stealing them ; saving money 

 for specific ends ; buying rolls or meat on credit ; running 

 up accounts with a butcher or baker (Watson). But it is 

 desirable that the details of some of these incidents should 

 be re-observed, verified, and analysed. 



Beggars' dogs regularly earn or make money for the sub- 

 sistence of themselves and their masters. They sit in begging 

 attitude ; their looks are eloquently those of appeal ; they 

 receive coins in tin jugs tied round their necks ; and they 



