432 USE OF MAN'S INSTRUMENTS. 



take good care of the money collected. And all this they do 

 sometimes when quite alone, without supervision or direction, 

 while their master is helplessly bedridden in a garret lodging 

 in some far-distant city street. 



The dog does not always buy bread for itself only and 

 carry it in its mouth. A certain Newfoundland dog acted 

 merely as a messenger, carrying a basket with money, and 

 bringing back in it a quantity of rolls, that were safely de- 

 posited in the kitchen for man's use (Macaulay). 



The dog is not the only animal that buys bread ; nor is 

 bread, in some shape or other, the only article of food pur- 

 chased with money by the lower animals ; and barter among 

 the lower animals is not confined to the exchange of coin 

 for bread ; neither are the mouth or teeth the only means 

 used in the conveyance of coins or their quid pro quo. 

 Berkeley tells us of a monkey that exchanged with a boy 

 some nuts she had for his apples. A coaita monkey bought 

 wine, carrying it in a pot, and refused to give up the money 

 unless the desired article were first supplied (Cassell). Here 

 the hands or fingers no doubt were employed, as man's are, 

 in carrying both the money and the pot. The elephant, too, 

 sometimes begs for money and spends it, buying for itself 

 coveted articles of food, just as the dog does (Buckland). 

 Here the proboscis is probably the organ of conveyance. 



Many animals contrive to open man's doors and gates, 

 using sometimes one organ, sometimes another two animals, 

 perhaps of different species, co-operating for the given end 

 the one lifting a latch or turning a handle, the other pushing 

 the door or gate open. 



A certain 'Peter,' a large, handsome torn cat belonging to 

 a near relation of my own, was in the habit of lifting with 

 its paws at least three different door-latches. One was the 

 latch of a hot-plate connected with the kitchen fire, a 

 chamber which he entered for the heat's sake, and in which 

 he would warm himself for hours at a time. Another 

 was that of a cellar door, in which a companion dog was 

 sometimes confined on account of its dirty habits in the 

 house. Whenever Peter heard the dog whine from its 

 prison he set it free by lifting the door latch. 



