USE OF MAN'S INSTRUMENTS. 435 



paratively rare, while the opening of them is a common, 

 occurrence. It shuts gates, for instance, against other ani- 

 mals that are not its favourites, and especially against a 

 particular horse which it dislikes and kicks, as well as bar- 

 ricades out of good pastures. It closes them also after 

 itself, to prevent the discovery of its delinquency in going 

 from a permitted pasture into a forbidden one. 



Monkeys, too, in theft, shut as well as open locks and 

 doors. They turn the key in a door, so as to make it fast, 

 when they wish to prevent intrusion upon, or interference 

 with, their depredations. Shutting of doors is mentioned 

 also as occurring in the dog (Watson). 



Many of the Quadrumana that have been tamed or 

 domesticated by man that have become his household pets, 

 and even members of his household use, and in the same 

 way that their masters do 



1. Table utensils including plates, cups, and saucers ; 

 knives, forks, and spoons; glasses and tumblers, decanters 

 and jugs ; toothpicks and serviettes. 



2. Household furniture such, as chairs and tables, beds 

 and bedsteads. 



3. Man's clothing, both body and bed, including finery or 

 ornament in dress, and uniform. 



Various of the anthropoid and other apes sit at table with 

 man and partake of his meals, behaving frequently with 

 admirable propriety, the result partly of imitation of man's 

 habits, partly of man's tuition. They eat and drink in the 

 same way that man does, employing their fingers and hands 

 in holding glasses or cups, forks or knives, in the same 

 way, and using, moreover, the same articles of food, and 

 the same beverages. 



The orang-utan wipes its lips or mouth after eating, 

 using a serviette; it employs a toothpick as it sees its 

 master do ; it makes appropriate use of a teapot, cups, 

 saucers, and plates, knives, forks, and spoons ; among other 

 table civilities or courtesies it touches glasses with its neigh- 

 bour ; it draws corks, pours out wine or other fluids from 

 bottles, and drinks from glasses. Moreover, it makes a bed 

 and arranges bedding ; it employs a chair not only for sitting 



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