USE OF CLOTHING AND SHELTER. 441 



clothes, in the same way that man does ; and not only so, 

 but they frequently show a pride or vanity in their clothes, 

 dress, or finery, as savages so often do. Thus a female 

 orang at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, wears a surtout, and 

 6 prudishly draws it down over her feet on the approach of 

 strangers.' She ' sleeps in a bed, with sheets and blankets, 

 putting her hands under the covering or up the sleeves of 

 her night dress to keep them from the cold.' l 



Dr. Yvan, who was attached to the French expedition to 

 China in the year 1843, tells us that c a certain Borneo orang 

 clothed himself as soon as ever he could lay hold of any piece 

 of stuff for the purpose.' Lady Verney mentions an orang 

 on shipboard that put on a flannel shawl every morning as 

 it became cold, crossing it tidily over its chest, in imitation 

 of an Indian Governor-General's wife who was on board. 

 Another orang made her own bed, using blankets and 

 pillows (Cassell). And fondness for dress or toilette, even 

 for perfumery, the result, no doubt, here again, of imitation, 

 has been noticed in the same animal by other authors 

 (Pierquin). The chimpanzee, when tame, also sometimes 

 wears clothes, dresses himself in part at least, and exhibits 

 the same kind of pride in his dress that many savages do. 

 Many domestic or tame monkeys or apes also dress, or 

 allow themselves to be dressed, in man's habiliments, as 

 must be familiar to all who have seen the monkey pets or 

 assistants of organ grinders in London and other large cities. 

 Reaumur describes the larva of a fly as dressing itself with 

 the skins of Aphides, or in place thereof with silk or paper. 

 Kirby and Spence describe certain bees as clothiers. 



Many animals prepare their own natural beds, and some 

 use natural bed-clothes or wraps, while others avail them- 

 selves of the beds and bedding provided by man. Orangs 

 prepare beds of boughs and leaves between or under trees. 

 They generally lie on their back or side, resting the head on 

 their hands. In cold, windy, and rainy nights they cover 

 themselves with branches or leaves, and hide themselves under 

 them (Biichner and Nichols). Wallace refers to the orang 

 preparing itself a sleeping-place for the night. Dr. Abel, 



1 ' Graphic,' March 6, 1875. 



