BIENNIAL REPORT 



the paris green of the Ohio Experiment Station. As it is not always possi- 

 ble to wait for pleasant weather under certain conditions I sprayed be- 

 tween rain and sunshine. After careful inspection this fall I had the satis- 

 faction to find that at least 95 per cent, of the fruit of the trees that had 

 been sprayed was free fi*om any sign of the codling moth. I am therefore 

 convinced that a law (which I have always advocated) making spraying 

 compulsory after the blossoms have fallen, would be the surest guarantee 

 that this state would remain free from the infection of the codling moth. 

 I inspected 115 orchards containing about 88,000 trees, and found them in a 

 generally flourishing condition. Those who took care of their orchards had 

 the satisfaction of good results. Those who did not, had lots of aphis and 

 especially the blister mite on pear trees. Against these pests which threat- 

 en to become a serious menace in our state, I recommend compulsory win 

 ter spraying with sulphur, lime and salt. I also found the oyster shell bark 

 louse in a few orchards for which I used Prof. Koebler's resin wash with 

 good result. In one instance a condition stared me in the face for which I 

 knew no remedy. I was called upon by Mr. Beck to examine a young or- 

 chard of 18,000 trees which had never been irrigated and received its mois- 

 ture by a careful system of cultivation, and which had been attacked by the 

 grasshopper. The orchard stood in a sandy, gravel soil, on open land, away 

 from all seepage, exposed to the strong rays of the sun, yet in spite of all 

 these drawbacks, was in a vigorous, flourishing condition. The grasshopper 

 having neither weed nor grass to feed upon attacked the foliage, then the 

 twigs, then the bark of the young trees. I asked Prof. Cooley for instruc- 

 tions, but could get no advice or remedy from that quarter, so I used my 

 own ingenuity and appled every possible means to check the enemy. As the 

 orchard was badly infected with the green and black aphis I combined 

 with a strong percentage of paris green and tobacco whale oil soap and 

 quassia chips. I tested the paris green carefully with the usual ammonia 

 test, and found it perfect. I went even further and tried it on the potato 

 bugs, which it killed by the thousands. I made a compound with bran and 

 this same paris green and sprinkled it amongst a drove of gi*asshoppers 

 and saw them feasting on it as if it were sugar and honey and not one of 

 them gave up the ghost. Whether the University of California in their 

 Bulletin No. 126 regarding the adulteration of paris green is right or not is 

 a question of great importance. Still the damage was checked to at least 75 

 per cent, by the spraying. This, however, brings up the question whether 

 over-cultivation is not a mistake and whether it would not be better to leave 

 the grasshopper a little green to chew. It may also be of some interest to 

 this Honorable Board that I have tested successfully the tent fumigation on 

 ornamental trees. I found a number of Elm trees surrounding city homes 

 reeking with the brown aphldoe. The curled leaves were filled with myri- 

 ads of this pest giving the tree a sickly brown look of a living mass of these 

 insects. So enormous was the Infection that the ordinary emulsion of kero- 



