SCIENCE: J. J. CARTY 9 



In my Presidential address before the American Institute of 

 Electrical Engineers delivered at Cleveland in 1916, speaking as a 

 representative of engineering and industrial research, I testified 

 to the great value of pure scientific research in universities, and 

 ventured to suggest to the .university authorities that they consider 

 the immense debt which engineering, the industries, transportation, 

 communications and commerce owe to them and to pure science. 

 I expressed the hope that the importance of pure scientific re- 

 search would be more fully appreciated, both within the university 

 and without, since with that appreciation there would come the 

 sympathy and generous financial support so much needed for the 

 advancement of pure scientific research in America. 



The time has now come when the universities, aroused by the 

 experience of the war to the ever-increasing importance of science 

 in the public welfare, are striving as never before to fulfill their 

 function of promoting new scientific discoveries. They are asking 

 where they are to obtain the necessary money, particularly when it is 

 impossible for them to maintain adequately the staffs required for 

 teaching those scientific truths which have already been discovered. 

 So great has been the economic disorder created by the war that 

 many of the scientific teachers and others in the universities, are 

 compelled to seek other occupations in order that they may support 

 their families. A critical situation ' confronts our institutions of 

 learning, and unless we come to their rescue, our progress in science 

 will suffer. For the necessary pecuniary aid we must appeal to 

 those generous and public-spirited men and women who desire 

 to dispose of their wealth in a manner best calculated to advance 

 the welfare of mankind, and we must also appeal to the industries 

 themselves which owe such a heavy debt to science. 



It is certain that contributions by our manufacturers and by the 

 industrial corporations generally to pure scientific research will 

 in the long run bring manifold returns to them and to the public 

 whom they serve. These returns will come through the medium 

 of industrial research conducted in the rich territory discovered 

 by the scientific investigators of the universities and the other 

 institutions devoted to the cause of science. 



In England during the last century Michael Faraday, one of the 

 greatest workers in pure science, discovered the principle of the 

 dynamo-electric machine. Independently of him, and at about 

 the same time, the same principle was discovered by Joseph Henry, 



