FACULTIES OF ART AND DUTY 199 



Duty to carry on research and constructive work in 

 the aesthetic and ethical questions of to-day, to 

 inspire the applied professional faculties, the imperial 

 and local legislature, and the primary and secondary 

 schools, and to do, without bias or political and 

 sectarian passion, just that for lack of which the 

 nation perishes, the deliberate reconstruction of the 

 social order to meet the entirely altered conditions 

 that prevail in consequence of the growth of science. 

 Never yet in the history of the world have such 

 faculties found a place in the universities. In early 

 days the university was simply a divinity faculty, and 

 its glory was that it provided the ladder, of which 

 we hear so much to-day, whereby children of the 

 humblest origin could rise through the Church to 

 the highest positions of the State, though that was 

 not its raison d'Ure. Then, all business requiring 

 education was transacted by ecclesiastics, and the 

 spirit of research in the sense of finding out the new, 

 not that which is old but has been lost, had not 

 arisen. It would indeed have been very dangerous 

 for any one to act on the view that the pagan classics 

 and Christian writings did not between them contain 

 all there was to know. The revival of learning was 

 literally the re-learning of what had been known, but 

 now was inaccessible save to those possessing the 

 Greek, Latin and Hebrew languages. Discovery 

 connoted rediscovery of lost territories rather than 

 being the first entrant into some new and hitherto 

 undreamt - of world. There is, unfortunately, a 

 tendency to confuse this sort of original investigation 

 and research with that understood by scientific men. 

 In those days the extraordinary idea that there was 

 a peculiar virtue in the teaching of Latin and Greek 

 and ancient philosophy as the foundation of a liberal 

 education was natural and justifiable enough. Latin 

 was the universal written language of the learned 



