66 SCIENCE OF FISHING. 



About the only difference between trout and bass flies is 

 the sizes; the same patterns and colors are used for each. 

 The bass flies are sometimes used for large trout. 



Flies are known as winged flies, hackles and palmers. 

 The winged flies have one or two pairs of wings, a hackle to 

 represent legs, a body and usually a tail. The hackle has a 

 body and sometimes a tail, and always a hackle tied at the 

 shoulder, but no wings. A palmer has a body with a 

 hackle set in spirally the length of the body. It is made in 

 imitation of a caterpillar. Many anglers call both of these 

 latter "hackles." 



The old way and the most common way yet of tying flies 

 is to build the fly on a marked shank hook with a snell of 

 silkworm gut attached, a loop at the end so that it may be 

 quickly and easily attached to the leader. But the "eyed 

 flies," that is flies tied to ringed or eyed hooks, especially to 

 hooks of the Pennell pattern are becoming more and more 

 popular each year. They are tied directly to the end of the 

 leader, which has no loop in this case, by a knot which is 

 explained elsewhere in this book, or they may be tied to a 

 snell which is looped to the end of a leader. If the leader 

 is well softened, and no leader should be used when dry, 

 these eyed flies are as easily attached as the snelled ones. If 

 snelled flies are selected they should have a short extra piece 

 of gut tied into the fly and joined to the snell some distance 

 above the hook. This is called a helper and makes the fly, or 

 the snell rather, last twice as long, for it is at its junction 

 with the hook that the snell breaks. By using eyed flies the 

 leader loop is done away with, and the leader makes less 

 commotion on the surface of the water when the fly is cast. 



It is since the dry or floating flies came into such general 

 use in England that the eyed fly has become so popular. The 

 dry flies are very small ones, tied on very small hooks 

 numbers 12, 14 and even as small as 18 and 20. The bodies 

 of these flies are made of cork, or other material to cause 



