182 SCIENCE REMAKING THE WORLD 



from all moorings, and afloat. He will abstain from dogmatism, and 

 recognize all the opposite negations between which, as walls, his 

 being is swung. He submits to the inconvenience of suspense and 

 imperfect opinion, but he is a candidate for truth, as the other is not, 

 and respects the highest law of his being. 



Dogmatism still finds many victims, for education 

 has not yet touched the majority; but every day the 

 possible victims are becoming fewer in number, and 

 those who seek to lead opinion must presently abandon 

 the method of bare assertion. The factors in this 

 general intellectual progress are perhaps too subtle and 

 interwoven to analyze with certainty, but conspicuous 

 among them is certainly the development of scientific 

 training. For fear of being misunderstood, I hasten 

 to say that this beneficent result of scientific training 

 does not come to all those who cultivate it, any more 

 than is the Christ-like character developed in all those 

 who profess Christianity. I regret to say that even 

 some who bear great names in science have been as 

 dogmatic as the most rampant theologian. But the 

 dogmatic scientist and theologian are not to be taken 

 as examples of the "peaceable fruits of righteousness," 

 for the general ameliorating influence of religion and of 

 science is none the less apparent. 



(2) The scientific spirit demands a real connection be- 

 tween an effect and its claimed cause. It is in the labora- 

 tory that one first really appreciates how many factors 

 must be taken into the count in considering any result, 

 and what an element of uncertainty an unknown factor 

 introduces. In the very simplest cases, where we have 

 approximated certainty in the manipulation of factors 



