140 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY. 



Subkingdom PHANEROGAMIA (SPER- 

 MATOPHYTA). Flowering or Seed- 

 bearing Plants. 



The sexual generation is so far reduced as to be apparently obsolete ; 

 the non-sexual generation, or sporophyte, is advanced, heterosporous, 

 with conspicuous secondary sexual characters which constitute flowers ; 

 the female sporophyls bear carpellary leaves, ultimately supporting seeds 

 which contain the embryo ; the male sporophyls form stamens and bear 

 pollen. 



Section i. GYMNOSPERM^E. 



Trees or shrubs with unisexual flowers, in which the germinating pollen 

 forms prothallium-cells, one of these in each pollen-grain developing into 

 a siphonal antheridium ; the scale-like ovuliferous carpels not developing 

 into a closed ovary around the seeds. 



Class I. CONIFERS. 



Stems branched, without ducts in the wood, but usually with some resin- 

 iferous canals. Leaves simple, mostly small or needle-formed. Flowers 

 naked, mostly in cones, the staminal in catkins. 



Family i. PINACE^:. Pines and Firs. 



With regular cones having seeds inserted between their scales. Seed- 

 coats leathery or woody or bony. No outer integument (arillus). 



Leaves spirally arranged. Seeds usually inverted. 



Section Araucarineae has the carpels single (no division into cover and 

 fruiting scale ; but sometimes a tooth-like scale on the inside). Seed only 

 one in each carpel, inserted on its center and inverted. 



ARAUCARIA Juss. Chilian-pine. 



Cones terminal, on normally or abnormally-leaved short shoots ; the 

 male cones cylindric-conical, large, stamens very numerous, pollen-sacs 

 linear, 8-15 in a close ring. Fertile cones globular, ultimately breaking up. 



