MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 86 1 



56. ERIACH^NIUM Sch. Bip. 



Small, prostrate herb, with small, alternate, oblong or subspatulate, 

 amplexicaul leaves, woolly underneath ; and short-pediceled, axillary heads. 

 Involucral scales 5-8, subequal, erect. Flowers all tubular, having corol- 

 las connate with the achene, woolly on outside ; peripheral flowers 12 

 (or none), with short tube, fertile; central larger, sterile, their anthers 

 acuminately tailed. 



Species i, viz.: 



E. MAGELLANICUM Sch. Bip. 



Closely allied to Osteospermum which has many species in S. Afr. 

 and one in St. Helena. Leaves coarsely toothed. FIG. 103. 



(Fig. 103.) 



Fuegia, passim, loving salt-water shores. 



57. CARDUUS Linn. (1753). Thistle. 



Common prickly herbs, with spiny often decur- 

 rent leaves. Achenes inserted by the base, not 

 obliquely, glabrous. Receptacle densely bristly. 

 Corollas slender, tubular, 5-cleft, purplish or green- icum. Branch, and magnified 

 ish. Anthers basi-sagittate. Style-branches obtuse, flower-head (after Dusen). 

 Pappus of plumose bristles, united at base, falling away together. 



Species 250, widely distributed in N. Hemisphere. 



C. LANCEOLATUS Linn. (Scop, sub Cirsium, 1772; Willd. sub Cmcus, 



1787.) 



Stout biennial, partly tomentose, to more than a meter high, leafy 

 throughout. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, about 12 

 cm. long, decurrent, with triangular lobes, general outline lanceolate, 

 bristly all over. Heads solitary on the branches, dark purple. Involucral 

 scales prickly like the leaves. 



(La Plata, introduced from Eur., "Cardo Negro"); spreading (Eng. 

 & Prantl include the thistles with plumose pappus in the genus Cirsium 

 Scop.). 



58. SILYBUM Gaertn. Giant Thistle. 



Heads large, solitary, homogamous, nutant. Involucral scales with 

 leafy appendages, bearing terminal spines and shorter, lateral spines. 



