PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY. 201 



about 4000 specimens of plants out of 6000. He re- 

 turned to France in December 1820, with the corvette 

 La Physidenne, which the government had purchased at 

 the Maluines. He wrote there the botanical part of the 

 description of the voyage, and also planned his 'Organo- 

 graphy and Physiology of Plants.' In 1831 he went in 

 the frigate Nerminie, under command of Villeneuve 

 Bargemont, to the coast of South America. The frigate 

 sailed twice round Cape Horn, and returned in 1832 

 from Rio de Janeiro to France. Gaudichaud, however, 

 obtained permission to remain in the Brazils, from which 

 country he returned to Toulon in the corvette La Bonite, 

 Captain Durand, in June 1843. In April 1835, he de- 

 livered his remarks on the f Organography, Organogeny, 

 and Physiology of Plants ' to the Institute ; and in Decem- 

 ber of that year, on the day on which the Monthyon-prize 

 was awarded to him, he left Paris to make his third voyage 

 in the corvette La Bonite. He started from Toulon in 

 February 1836, and returned in the same ship at the 

 end of the year 1837. I have derived this information 

 from the account of his life in the ' Revue generale Bio- 

 graphique,' which adds further : " Gaudichaud, that 

 energetic man, born with the Revolution in 1789, and 

 grown up in it, has fought several duels, but," it adds, 

 " all who were acquainted with M. Gaudichaud know 

 that he never took the lead in these affairs." I have not 

 given these details of Gaudichaud' s life here entirely 

 without an object. 



"What," says he (Compt. rend., 1844, 1,598) "is a 

 Monocotyledonous plant at its very origin, e. g. a Date- 

 palm? an animated cell, which produces an embryo or a 

 bud. An embryo, as all botanists now know, is a free, 

 isolated, independent cell. This embryo, or this primi- 

 tive phyton, is a distinct individual, possessing its own 

 peculiar organization, and its peculiar functions. The 

 first individual soon produces a second; the second, a 

 third ; the third, a fourth, and so on, during the whole 

 life of the plant. As the embryo possesses its organiza- 



