296 PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



spinosa, domestica, avium, Pyrus mains, Secale cereale, 

 Triticum vulgare, Hordeum vulgar e, Avena sativa, Solatium 

 tuberosum, Vitis vim/era, Juglans regia, and Castanea 

 vesca. 



INDIVIDUAL ORDERS AND GENERA OF THE PHANEROGAMIA 

 IN REFERENCE TO PHYSIOLOGY. 



Description of the Female Flower and Fruit of Eafflesia 

 Arnoldi, ivith Remarks on its Affinities, and an Illustration 

 of the Structure of Hydnora Africana. By R. BROWN. 

 Transact, of the Linn. Soc., vol. xix, pt. 3 (1844) p. 221. 

 The author, with his usual accuracy and well-known 

 acuteness, investigated the above objects, and treats of 

 them with a certain heartiness which renders the subject 

 very attractive. The whole is illustrated by the excellent 

 drawings of Ferdinand Bauer. The ovarium of Hydnora 

 may be regarded as composed of three confluent pistilla, 

 having placentae really parietal, but only produced at the 

 top of the cavity. It would, however, certainly be diffi- 

 cult to reduce Eafflesia to this type. The author then 

 describes the development of the ovules of Eafflesia in 

 their earliest state, which agrees with that occurring in 

 Phaneragamous plants generally, the lower portion of the 

 papilla becoming dilated, forming a cup, and enveloping 

 the future integument and the nucleus. Thus the author's 

 description differs, and rightly, from that of Mirbel's. 

 According to the author, a curvature occurs, as in several 

 Phanerogamia, but only in the upper part of the funiculus, 

 whereas in the Phanerogamia generally, the curvature is 

 produced in that portion of the funiculus, which is con- 

 nate with the testa. The reason of this may be, says 

 R. Brown, that the testa is absent in the seeds of 

 Eafflesia. The author only found pollen-tubes in Cytinus. 

 The testa of the seed of Eafflesia is evidently the same 

 which exists in the unimpregnated ovule, and is very 

 hard ; the inner membrane is thin ; the nucleus ap- 

 pears to be entirely composed of cellular tissue, but in 



