PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY. 305 



it are, as it were, the representatives of a Flora of the 

 former world at a certain period. Moreover they bear 

 the characters of these plants ; everywhere we find im- 

 perfectly developed structures, not yet separated ; the 

 internal structure of the stem of the Lycopodiaceae is that 

 of a root, the frond is both a stem and a leaf; the male 

 and female sexual organs are still conjoined in the 

 Salviniacese, &c. 



MoveaUe Spiral Threads in Ferns. By C. NAGELI. 

 Zeitschr. f. wissenschaft. Botanik, Hft. i, p. 169. On 

 the under surface of the germinal leaf, at its margin, more 

 rarely also upon the upper surface, occur glandular organs. 

 They frequently appear to consist of a single cell only ; 

 we generally recognise that it is a sac, composed of a 

 single layer of cells. This sac is filled with apparently 

 granular and opaque contents ; it bursts at the top, and 

 allows a number of small round cellules to escape ; these 

 cellules move actively in water. Each contains a spiral 

 thread, which is set free by the rupture of the membrane 

 of the cellule, and then exhibits the same movements as 

 the seminal filaments of the Mosses, Liverworts, and 

 Charas. An interesting addition to the observations 

 which have already been made upon these Entophytes. 



Lamella of the Leaves of Mosses. By C. MULLER. 

 Linnsea, vol. xviii, p. 99. The elevated ridges which 

 are found upon the upper surface of the leaves of several 

 Mosses on the side of, and in connexion with the nerves, 

 were first accurately described by Treviranus, and are 

 again minutely treated of in this paper. They consist of 

 a row of remarkable cells ; they do not seem to be of any 

 use ; they are connected with formative principle, 



On the Development of the Sporidia in the Capsules of 

 Mosses. Dissert. Inaug. scr. Bo. Jung. Scato. GEORG. 

 LANTZIUS BENING. Gott. 1844. An excellent contribu- 

 tion to the investigation of Mosses, The arrangement of 



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