GEOGRAPHICAL BOTANY. 333 



Hainsberg, in the Territory of Aix (Katisbon Flora, 

 1844, p. 209-21); Lohr, Manual of the Mora of 

 Treves and Luxembourg, with a notice of the surrounding 

 districts (Treves, 1844-8); Lechler, Supplement to the 

 Flora of Wiirtemberg (Stuttgard, 1844-8) ; Sailer, 

 Flora of Linz (Linz, 1844-8), an extract from the Flora 

 of Upper Austria, mentioned in the Annual Report for 

 1841 ; Sauter, Report upon a Journey to Luiigau (Ra- 

 tisbon Flora, 1844, p. 813-16). 



E. v. Berg, at Lauterberg, on the Hartz mountains, 

 endeavoured to prove that the Coniferse are gradually be- 

 coming more widely distributed in the north of Germany 

 (Das Verdrangen der Laubwalder durch die Fichte und 

 Kiefer. Darmstadt, 1844-8). The fact, in the case of 

 the Hartz mountains, rests upon authentic testimony ; 

 but how far this change, which in many places has been 

 completed in the space of twenty years, has been pro- 

 duced by external natural conditions, or merely by the 

 economic management of the forests, is difficult to ascer- 

 tain. In Liineburg also, where, e. g., in the struggle 

 between the two methods of culture, it was not decided 

 in favour of the pine until after the lapse of a century, 

 as also in Soiling, on the Upper Weser, where deciduous 

 forests are still very extensive, the same conditions have 

 prevailed as on the upper Hartz mountains. On the 

 western Hartz mountains, the red pine generally succeeds 

 the beech ; but in some parts, on the removal of the 

 latter, the remains of oaks have been found as high as a 

 level of 2000', i. e. an elevation at which they have long 

 since ceased to grow. When we consider that the tree- 

 limits on the Hartz mountains lie extremely low, in 

 comparison with those of the north of Europe, and that 

 even the Coniferse do not ascend higher on the Brocken 

 mountains than at 9 10 further north in Norway, the 

 fact of the culture of the oak and beech at a former period, 

 would render it, at any rate, tolerably probable that 

 secular changes had taken place in the climate, by means 

 of which the distribution of the forest trees had been 



