BOTANICAL GEOGRAPHY. 439 



Cultivation of barley. Upper limit. 



Col de la Vachere. North side, 1745 m. South side, 2110 m. 

 Fagus sylvatica. Upper limit. 



Grande Chartreuse, 1465 m. Col des Sept Lacs, 1 475 m. 

 Pinus abies. Upper limit. 



Grande Chartreuse, 1631 m. In a shrubby form, 1900 m. 

 P. picea. Upper limit. 



Col des Sept Lacs. North side, 1770 m. South side, 2045 m. 

 Alnus viridis. Upper limit. 



Col des Sept Lacs. North side, 1910 m. 

 Sorbus aucuparia. Upper limit. 



Col de la Vachere. North side, 2000 m. 

 Rhododendron. Lower limit. 



Col des Sept Lacs. North side, 11 60m. Grande Chartreuse, 1660m. 

 Col de la Vachere. North side, 2125 m. 

 Upper limit. 



Col de la Vachere, 2410m. 

 Pinus Cembra. Lower limit. 



Coldela Vachere, 1740m. 

 Upper limit. 



Col Longet, 2515 m. 

 P. larix. Upper limit. 



Col Longet, 2515 m. 



Daum has described two barren, almost desert regions on 

 the south coast of France (Bemerkungen liber die Land- 

 wirthschaft in Siidfrankreich. Charlottenb. 1844, 8vo). 



The plain of Crau, which lies to the south of Aries, covers nearly seventy- 

 five square miles ; it consists of a gravelly surface, containing scattered, 

 but nutritive herbs and grasses, upon which no kind of agriculture can be 

 carried on, but 30,000 fine sheep find pasture from late in the autumn until 

 the spring, when they are driven upon the pastures of the Maritime Alps ; 

 and which it is now being commenced to convert into meadow-land by arti- 

 ficial irrigation ; next the plain of Camargue, in the delta of the Rhone, a 

 boggy salt-marsh, nearly half of which consists of flooded land and bog, the 

 remainder of pasture-land and a few fields, and which, by means of a large 

 capital, it is also being attempted to turn to advantage by canal drainage. 

 As regards the agriculture of the province, the traveller remarks that, on 

 account of the grape-vine requiring a large quantity of manure, without 

 affording nutriment to cattle, the principal object is the cultivation of fodder, 

 for as there are no meadows, this is necessarily obtained from lucerne. 

 These facts show the natural character of the country. 



Cuynat's Topography of Catalonia (Memoires de 



