454 BOTANICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



wooded with chesnut trees and cork-oaks, with which Rhododendron ponticiim 

 grows in common. This mountain does not ascend more than 3800' accord- 

 ing to Portuguese measurements, but the upper vegetation is subalpine, and 

 corresponds with the altitudes of 5000' 6000' of Andalusia, which, however, 

 I should not ascribe, as the author does, so much to the influence of the 

 capacity of the granite for heat, as to the cessation of the influence of the 

 plateau. The depression of the climate below the natural standard is not 

 occasioned by storms, but the adjacent sea and low country cause a normal 

 fall of the temperature in a vertical direction ; whence Andalusia and the 

 whole of Spain are abnormal in this respect, and the limits of vegetation 

 extend to a disproportionate height. 



Schouw has now published his work upon the Coni- 

 ferous trees of Italy (see Ann. Rep. for 1844), in greater 

 detail (Ann. Sc. nat. 1845, torn, i, p. 230). 



Districts of the distribution of the species : 1 . Pinus sylvestris L. (includ- 

 ing P. uncinata D. C.) South slope of the Alps, 6000' below 1000' at 

 Tagliamento, an Apennine of Montserrat. 2. Pinus Pumilio, Hk. South 

 slope of the Alps, 4000' 7500'. 3. P. magellemis Sch. (P. Pumilio Ten. 

 and MugTius Guss.) appears to hold the same relation to 4 as 2 to 1 . The 

 Abruzzi at Majella, 5000' 8300'. 4. Pinus Laricio Poir. (P. sylvestris and 

 nigrescens Ten.) forms the forest of jEtna, 4' 6000'. Calabria and Abruzzi 

 at Majella. Pinus nigricans Host, and P. Pallasiana are probably the 

 same, as I have also assumed. 5. Pinus Pinaster Ait. Apennines. 0' 2800' 

 on Monte Pisano. 6. Pinus Pinea L. Apennines as far as Genoa, with 

 5. 0' 1500' in the Western Apennines, 2000' in the south of Italy. 7. Pinus 

 halepensis Lamb. The whole of Italy, as far as the Apennines ; 0' 2000' 

 on the Somma at Spoleto. 8. P. brutia Ten. Calabria, on the Aspromonte 

 at Reggio, 2400' 3600'. It does not, however, appear to me sufficiently 

 distinct from Pinus Laricio. 9. Pinus Cembra L. Alps, 4 6500'. 10. Abies, 

 excelsa D. C. (P. Abies L.), Alps ; 1000' (Tolmezzo) 7000' (Stilfser Joch). 

 11. Abies pectinata D. C. (Pinus Picea L.) Prom the Alps to Madonia; 

 1000' 4500' in the Alps, 5500' in the Apennines. 12. Larix europaea. 

 Alps; 1500' (at Piave) 7000'. 13. Cupressus sempervirens L. Alps to 

 Sicily, 0' 2500'. 14. Juniperus communis L. South to 40; Alps, 

 0' 5000'. 15. Juniperus nana. W. Alps, 5' 7500'; Apennines. 16. /. 

 hemisphcerica Prl. .2Etna, 5' 7000'; Calabria. 17. /. Oxycedrus L. 

 Apennines, from 1000' 3000'. 18. /. macrocarpa Sibth. Along both the 

 seas from Pisa to Sicily. 19. /. Sabina L., Alps; Apennines. 20. /. phce- 

 nicea L. Along both the seas from Nice to Sicily. 21. Taxus baccata L. 

 Alps; Apennines. 



Parlatore has commenced a Mora of Palermo (Flora 

 Palermitana, vol. i. Firenze, 1845, 8vo). The first volume 

 contains only the Grasses (130 species), with very full 

 descriptions. 



