472 BOTANICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



hills to an elevation of 1500', were uniformly covered with forest-, shrub-, 

 and pasture-land. The forest on the abundant humous soil of the coast con- 

 sists of Metrosideros lucida, mixed with an arborescent Dracophyllum, the 

 underwood consisting of Coprosma, one of the Rubiacese, shrubs of Veronica 

 and Panax. As in New Zealand, beneath the woody plants, social Ferns 

 are abundant. One of them, Aspidium venustum, Hombr. Jacquin., the 

 luxuriant foliage of which spreads out from the summit of a stem from 2' to 

 4' in height, and 6" in diameter, reminding us, in its growth, of the climate 

 of the Tree-ferns of New Zealand, just as the Dwarf-palm does of a tropical 

 climate. Above the forest region, which is confined to the coast, the bush- 

 land alone is found as far as an elevation of 800', where it is gradually 

 replaced by treeless pastures of herbaceous plants and grasses. The herba- 

 ceous plants display flowers equalling alpine plants in brilliancy of colour, 

 and for the most part are vicarious species of alpine types of plants, as 

 Gentiana, Veronica, Cardamine, and Ranunculus. 



Campbell's Island is girdled with rocks, like St. Helena, and does not 

 therefore contain a connected forest-region. Being covered internally by 

 meadows, it only contains the Ferns found beneath the bushes in the Auck- 

 land Islands, in isolated sheltered localities. Of the antarctic forms, a large 

 golden-yellow Liliaceous plant (Chrysobactron) is found on the rocky heights, 

 in such luxuriance, that the colour of its flowers is perceived by those 

 sailing by at the distance of a mile from the coast. 



Summary of the Flora of the Lord Auckland's Islands and Campbell's 

 Island : 3 Ranunculacese (Ranunculus), 4 Cruciferse (Cardamine), 4 Caryo- 

 phyllaceae (Stellaria, 3 Colobanthus), 1 Drosera, 1 Geranium, 3 Rosacese 

 (Sieversia and 2 Accend), 3 Epilobium, 1 Callitriche, 1 Metrosideros, 1 Mon- 

 tia, 1 Bulliardia ; 3 Umbelliferse (1 Pozoa and 2 Anistome*), 1 Panax, 1 

 Aralia ; 7 Rubiacese (6 Coprosma and Nertera) ; 11 Synantheraceae (Trin- 

 curon, Ceratella, 3 Leptinetta, Ozothamnus, Helichrysum, 2 Pleurophyttum, 

 Celmisia, and Gnaphalium), 3 Stylidiacese (2 Dracophyllum and Forstera}, 1 of 

 the Lobeliacea? (Pratia), 1 of the Epacridacea (Androstoma), 1 of the Myr- 

 sinacese (Suttonia), 2 Gentiana, 2 Myosotis, 3 Veronica, 2 Plantago, Rumex, 1 ; 

 Urtica, 2 ; 8 Orchidacese (2 Thelimitra, 2 Caladenia, Chiloglottis, Acianthus, 

 and 2 undetermined), 2 Asphodeleae (Chrysobactron and Astelia), 5 Junceae 

 (2 Juncus, 2 Rostkovia, and Luzula), 1 of the Restiacese (Gaimardia}, 6 

 Cyperacea? (3 Carex, Uncinia, Isolepis, and Oreobolus), 14 Graminacese (2 

 Hierochloe, 4 Agrostis, Trisetum, Bromus, 2 Festuca, 3 Poa, and Catabrosa), 

 17 Ferns (5 Hymenophyllum, Aspidium, 3 Asplenium, Pteris, 2 Lomaria, 2 

 Polypodium, Phymatodes, Grammitis, and Schizeea) ; 66 Mosses, described in 

 connexion with Wilson ; 85 Hepaticee, described by J. D. Hooker and Taylor ; 

 30 Lichens, by the same ; 57 Algse, by J. D. Hooker and Harvey ; and 15 

 Fungi, by Berkeley. Several of the Cryptogamic species are European, 

 but few only of the Phanerogamia, which have either been introduced, or, 

 forming varieties, their determination appeared doubtful. 



