SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 483 



the embryo itself passes through the groove mentioned above, so that 

 in the ripe seeds the radicle is the only part inclosed by the albumen, 

 whilst the cotyledons project, free, from it. 



GENTIANACE.E. I have described them in the e Prodromus ' (vol. ix). 

 New types : Gymndra, from Mexico, and Pagaa, from South America. I 

 have separated Lapithea from Sabbatia, Exocheenium from Sebeea, Pladera 

 from Canscora, and Petalostylis from LeicmtJms. 



LOGANIACE.E. According to the limits of this group given in the ' Pro- 

 dromus (vol. ix), in which it was described by P. De Candolle, and revised 

 by his son, it contains the aberrant forms of several allied families ; i. e. in 

 addition to the types admitted by Endlicher, the Spigeliaceae, with Mitra- 

 sacme, Mitreola, and Polypremum ; moreover Lachnopylis Hochst., and 

 Gelsemium Juss. 



JASMINACE.E. According to Wight and Gardner's investigations (Cal- 

 cutta Journ. of Nat. Hist., and Lond. Journ. of Bot. 1845, p. 398), the 

 genus Azima Lam. (Nonetia L'Her.), which has been doubtfully referred 

 to Ilex, is intermediate between this family and the Oleaceae. It differs 

 from the Oleaceae principally in having four stamens, erect ovules, and the 

 absence of albumen ; from the Jasminaceae in its distinct petals and diaecious 

 stamens, i. e. in characters which occur individually among the Oleaceae. 

 In habit it resembles the climbing Jasminacese. 



CAPRIFOLIACE^E. C. A. Meyer has produced a monograph of those species 

 of Cornus in which the involucrum is absent (Mem. de St. Petersb. 1845, 

 reprinted in the Ann. Sc. nat. iii, 4, pp. 58-74). It comprises thirteen species, 

 four of which are new. 



SYNANTHERACE^B. New genera: Antarctic, by J. D. Hooker Trineuron, 

 Ceratetta, and Pleurophyllum, from the Auckland Islands (Antarct. Voy. 

 pt. ii); Brachyactis Led. (El. Ross, ii, p. 495) = Conyza Altaica, D. C.; 

 Lemopodnm Gardn. (Lond. Journ. of Bot. 1845, p. 124), a Conyza with 

 opposite leaves, from Brazil; Nicottetia Gray (Erem. Explor. Exped., and 

 1. c., p. 55), one of the Tagetineae from California; Ceradia Lindl. (Bot. 

 Reg. Misc. 1845, p. 11), a succulent member of the Erechthitese, from the 

 West of Africa ; Fitchia J. D. Hook. (Lond. Jour, of Bot. 1845, p. 640), a 

 Cichoraceous tree ; Harpochcena Bung. (Delect, sem. Dorpat. 1845) = 

 Acanthocephalus Kar. Kir., transferred to the Hyoserideae; Heterach&na 

 Eres. (Mus. Senckenb. iii, p. 74), one of the Cichoraceae, from Abyssinia. 

 Spach has treated of Microlonchus monographically (Ann. Sc. nat. iii, 4, 

 pp. 161-9) ; eight species are distinguished, part of them from Algeria. 



PLANTAGINACE^I. Barneoud's Monograph (Monographic generale de la 

 Eamille des Plantaginees ; Paris, 1845, iv, p. 52) is merely an exposition 

 of the species (114 sp., of which 14 are new), with short diagnoses, com- 

 posed from the abundant materials existing in the museums of Paris and 

 Geneva. Barneoud has discovered that, in Littoretta, before impregnation, the 

 ovary is two-celled, and that one of the two ovules which arise from the 



