96 EXPLOKATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF 100TH MERIDIAN. 



and some very interesting results were obtained, especially in the way 

 of birds. From August 2 till September 6 ? collections were made by 

 Dr. Newberry and myself in the vicinity of Apache and the adjoining 

 White Mountains. This region proved very interesting ornithologically, 

 and, indeed, the general collections made here were perhaps larger than 

 during any other equal period through the season. From here south- 

 ward, quite a distinct change in the character of the avifauna was 

 noticed, and a number of species were noted either in the vicinity of 

 Apache or a few miles to the northward, that probably find their north- 

 ward limit here. Such are Pyranga hepatica, Peuccm ruficeps, var. bou- 

 cardi, Cyanocitta ultramarina, var. arizonce, Setophaga picta, Melamrpes 

 formicivorus, &c. The Gila River was crossed at a point some sixty 

 miles south of Apache, and a tew days' stay along the river gave valu- 

 able results in natural history. We arrived at Fort Bowie, the south- 

 ernmost point reached, October 6. From here our route led northward 

 to the Gila River, which was followed to its sources in New Mexico, 

 after which a general northward course was taken for Wingate, which 

 was reached November 27, when the field-work ended. Though no new 

 species were detected, one (Eugenes fulgens) was added to our fauna, 

 and numerous specimens secured of rare and little-known species, while 

 the geographical range of quite a number was widely extended. Dur- 

 ing the last mouth, the results in natural history, owing to the lateness 

 of the season, were rather meager. Thus, the region in which most of 

 the observations following were made may be stated in general terms to 

 be the southeastern portion of Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico. 



TUKDIDJE (the Thrushes). 



1. Turdus migratoriuSj L. Robin. 



Js scarcely to be regarded as a common bird, but it was frequently 

 met with in the timber along the streams and in the mountains. At 

 the Old Crater, for,ty miles south of Zuni, N. Mex., the species was pres- 

 ent in large flocks the 2d of November. The surrounding hills are 

 covered with low scrubby cedars, and upon the berries this and other 

 species largely subsist at this late season. It doubtless winters in this 

 region. 



2. Turdus pallasi Cab., var. nanus. And. Dwarf Hermit-Thrush. 



This variety of the hermit-thrush was met with October 19, along 

 the small streams in the mountain-canons, near Fort Bowie, South- 

 eastern Arizona, and along the Gila River to its sources in New Mexico, 

 where I found it as late as November 8. It is undoubtedly abundant 

 during the fall-migration throughout a very large extent of country, as, 

 wherever seen, it was in large numbers. Its habits seem to differ in no 

 noteworthy respect from, the allied forms. It appears fond of solitude, 

 and prefers the thickest and shadiest thickets, where it is constantly 

 busied in searching among the leaves for seeds and insects. Its small 

 size is apparent at first sight, and serves even when alive to distinguish 

 it from either var. auduboni or pallasi. 



