THE VILLAGE 459 



tions," which he first published in 1880. It is interesting to 

 note some of the objects especially touched upon in this pamphlet : 

 "To cultivate public spirit and foster town pride, quicken in- 

 tellectual life, promote good fellowship, public health, improve- 

 ment of roads, roadsides, and sidewalks, street lights, public 

 parks, improvement of home and home life, ornamental and 

 economic tree planting, improvement of railroad stations, rustic 

 roadside seats for pedestrians, betterment of factory surround- 

 ings." Other men active in the movement during this period 

 were B. L. Butcher, of West Virginia, and Horace Bushnell, in 

 California. 



That this activity made its impress upon the literature of the 

 day will be evident to those who read "Village and Village Life," 

 by Eggleston, "My Days at Idlewild," by N. P. Willis, and to 

 those who search the files of the New York Tribune and Post and 

 the Boston Transcript, The Horticulturist, Hovey's Magazine, 

 Putnam's Magazine, the Atlantic, Harper's, and others. Much 

 of this writing and the few books devoted to the subject, such 

 as Downing 's "Rural Essays," Scott's "Suburban Home 

 Grounds," and Copeland's "Country Life," had more to do 

 with the improvement of home ground ; than with town planning. 

 It was reserved for Mr. Charles Mulford Robinson in his very 

 recent "Improvement of Towns and Cities" and "Modern Civic 

 Art" to give a permanent place in our literature to that phase 

 of the work of town and city improvement, although Bushnell, 

 Ohnsted, and others contributed to the subjects in reports, maga- 

 zines and published addresses. 



During this same period a broader and deeper interest in for- 

 estry and tree-planting was stimulated, especially in the Middle 

 West, by such men as John A. Warder, of Ohio, and Governor 

 J. Sterling Morton of Nebraska, at whose suggestion Arbor Day 

 was first observed in his state, and there officially recognized in 

 1872. By the observance of this day a multitude of school chil- 

 dren and their parents have become interested in tree-planting 

 on home and school grounds. For this, Mr. Morton deserves the 

 same recognition that belongs to Mr. Clapp and the Massa- 

 chusetts Horticultural Society for the beginning and promot- 

 ing of the equally important school-garden movement. 



Little do we appreciate to what Dr. Warder's forestry move- 



