26 INSANITY IN TEE LOWER ANIMALS. 



sion. In other animals, as in man, mania is sometimes only 

 a chronic or protracted passion or fury, while 



Ira furor brevis est. 



Passion undoubtedly passes into mania, both in other animals 

 and in man. 



Pierquin goes the length of suggesting or asserting that 

 certain of the lower animals may or do simulate mania, pas- 

 sion or fury for instance, for the purpose of intimidating 

 enemies, and possibly also with a view to shirk uncongenial 

 work. Hence the necessity of 



2. Distinguishing between real and simulated fury, be- 

 tween that which is dangerous and that which is innocuous. 



3. Separating the calculating or calculated violence of 

 mere temper from the more dangerous, blind, impulsive, un- 

 calculating and unpremeditated fury of disease. 



4. This includes the differentiation of corrigible from in- 

 corrigible vice the first a preventible temporary fault of 

 temper, the second the result of genuine cerebral or nervous 

 disease. 



Thus the custodians or masters of such animals as the 

 horse constantly fail to distinguish between corrigible laziness 

 or disinclination to work, because work is uncongenial, and 

 that incapacity for work which is so frequently one of the 

 premonitory signs of insanity or other diseases, mental or 

 bodily. 



5. Distinguishing between the eccentricity of mere indi- 

 viduality, which is compatible with mental and bodily health, 

 and that eccentricity which is the outcome of disease, mental 

 or bodily. 



6. Separating the excitement of mere sport of courtship, 

 of the race or chase, of fight or war, of rivalry or novelty 

 from the mental excitement which characterises rabies, dis- 

 temper, phrenitis or sturdy, or which forms so common a 

 precursor of insanity. 



7. Telling the animal that is only temporarily 'distraught ' 

 or ' out of its wits ' from the mental confusion produced by 

 novel and conflicting sights and noises in the hunted dog 

 or ox of the city streets, as contrasted with the animal that 



